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Tag: "recognize" at biology news

How ancient whales lost their legs, got sleek and conquered the oceans

...like large dogs. They became the sleek swimmers we recognize today during the next 15 million years, losing their hind limbs in a dramatic example of evolutionary change. "We can see from fossils that whales clearly lived on land - they actually share a common ancestor with hippos, camels and deer," said team...

Buckyballs boost antibody's chemotherapy payload

..., the chemical changes will destroy its ability to recognize the cancer it was intended to attack. Wilson said the team from Rice and M. D. Anderson had planned to overcome this limitation by attaching multiple molecules of Taxol to each buckyball, which would then be covalently connected to the antibodies. T...

Scientists aim to thwart use of flu as bioweapon

...bird-flu vaccines. "For many years people did not recognize the importance of flu research," said Topham, associate professor of Microbiology and Immunology and a scientist in the David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology. "Flu research was seen as humdrum and routine, and there was no driving ...

MIT 'seeing machine' offers hope to blind

...ement, although not individual fingers. She cannot recognize faces or read. Subjects "had a wide range of cause for vision loss, including diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration (the fastest growing cause of blindness), and visual field loss," said Cavallerano, a coauthor of the paper and another of Gold...

Adult stem cells are touchy-feely, need environmental clues

...during the heart attack that the stem cells do not recognize the microenvironment as a guide for turning into heart muscle," Discher said; "however, our studies show that it might be possible to 'prime' stem cells for therapy in the lab, before implanting them in the heart, spine or whatever damaged environmen...

Everything in its place: Researchers identify brain cells used to categorize images

...cess." We are not born with a built-in ability to recognize categories like table, chair, and camera. Instead, most categories such as these are learned through experience. Categories are a cornerstone of complex behavior, because they give meaning to the sights and sounds around us. For example, if you are t...

Mice lacking key immune component still control chronic viral infections

...e immune system must have MHC Class I molecules to recognize and destroy virus-infected cells," says senior aut...re sent to the surface and allowing CD8 T cells to recognize the presence of a foreign invader. When the CD8 T cells recognize a viral protein part, they either ...

New pathways for autoimmune treatment identified

...al. Negative selection is eliminating T-cells that recognize the body's own proteins, Dr. She says. Other rese...e depends on the balance of these bad T cells that recognize the body's own protein and regulatory T cells," Dr. She says. "It's all about balance." Dr. Mi re...

APS lecturer shows rare video of 'teacher-student' immune cell interactions in live animal

...e 6,000 T cells circulating in the human body that recognize a given antigen. Another 6,000 recognize a different antigen, etc. The human body is estimated to contain 25-100 million distinct T cell clon...

MIT researchers build tiny batteries with viruses

...ed they could exploit the abilities of microbes to recognize the correct molecules and assemble them where they belong. A new means of inducing this order comes from self-assembly, a tool that is commonly used now in Hammond's lab. "By harnessing the electrostatic nature of the assembly process with the func...

A step forward in the fight against bacterial infections

...ristics: they are resistant to LPS, but they still recognize and destroy pathogens. The limited quantity of type 1 interferons enables the mice to cope with a lethal shock resulting from inflammation, but this small quantity also ensures that immunity is preserved. A next step in combating bacterial infections...

Is the brain wired for faces?

...de down has a strong effect on people's ability to recognize faces whereas the ability to recognize other objects, such as houses, is affected only slightly. "We think that this is because we are fac...

New method for identifying microbes

...oint genome signature tagging." Using enzymes that recognize specific sequences in the genetic code, they chop the microbial genomes into small segments that contain identifier genes common to all microbial species, plus enough unique genetic information to tell the microbes apart. In one example, the scienti...

Enzyme crystal structure reveals 'unexpected' genome repair functions

...of a bacterial DNA repair protein MutS. MutS helps recognize and repair mismatched DNA in E. coli. These two proteins have little sequence similarity. Biochemical assays following this discovery indicate that this domain allows XPB to interact with damaged DNA and enhances its unwinding activity on damaged DNA...

Gene thwarts some pathogens, gives access to others, could save crops

...rth Carolina identified the gene that helps plants recognize pathogens and also triggers a defense against disease. The gene and its defense mechanisms are similar to an immunity pathway found in people and in the laboratory research insect, the fruit fly. As Botrytis cinerea, a pathogen that makes strawberri...

Big hips, big belly? It's in your genes, Joslin-led study shows

... autoimmunity," or failure of the immune system to recognize the body's own tissues, the authors conclude. "A fine understanding of the mechanisms that connect Epstein-Barr virus infection to MS is important because it will provide the basis for the translation of this epidemiologic finding into new ways to t...

Epstein-Barr virus may be associated with multiple sclerosis

... autoimmunity," or failure of the immune system to recognize the body's own tissues, the authors conclude. "A fine understanding of the mechanisms that connect Epstein-Barr virus infection to MS is important because it will provide the basis for the translation of this epidemiologic finding into new ways to t...

Scientists discover new genetic subtypes of common blood cancer

...mputational tool based on an algorithm designed to recognize human faces plucked the four distinguishing gene p...ecently developed computational method designed to recognize individuals by facial features. It is called non-negative matrix factorization, or NMF. In the myelo...

Variation in bitter-taste receptor gene increases risk for alcoholism

... Project allowed the investigators to more quickly recognize individual variations in genes, called polymorphisms, that can influence how a gene product or protein functions. As part of this study, Goate's team sequenced the TAS2R16 receptor gene in a number of individuals, but they didn't identify genetic va...

How sperm crack the whip

...at the researchers said could help scientists both recognize new forms of male infertility and design new contraceptives to thwart sperm entry into the egg. What's more, they said, the exquisitely delicate analytical technique they used to eavesdrop on the electrical currents inside the squirming sperm cell c...

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