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Tag: "recognize" at biology news

American scientist's research of life's first cells

... "The award, now in its twelfth year, aims to recognize outstanding PhD graduate students from around the ... addition to the grand prize, the 2006 awards also recognize the following regional winners: Dianne Schwarz (North America): For her essay, "Unraveling the...

'Erectile dysfunction' drugs heighten natural anti-cancer activity

...masking cancer cells so that the immune system can recognize and attack them, say scientists at the Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center. Tests at Hopkins on mice with implanted colon and breast tumors showed that tumor size decreased two- and threefold in sildenafil-treated animals, compared to mice that did n...

Stroke symptoms common among general population

...le that these individuals had symptoms but did not recognize them or that the symptoms did not reach the threshold necessary for a stroke diagnosis. Virginia J. Howard, M.S.P.H., of the University of Alabama at Birmingham, and colleagues analyzed data from the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences i...

Protein splicing upsets the DNA colinearity paradigm

... or donated by another person - when T lymphocytes recognize antigenic peptides displayed on the cell surface. The antigens are created by 'proteasomes,' components of the cell machinery that cut foreign proteins into peptides that are then displayed on the cell surface for recognition and destruction by CD8+ ...

Detailed 3-D image catches a key regulator of neural stem cell differentiation in action

... adds that knowing how enzymes like Scp1 precisely recognize that seven amino acid stretch is exactly the kind of "unambiguous information relevant for the design of a chemical inhibitor by a process known as structure-based drug design." Capitalizing on information gleaned from their structural studies, No...

Computer scientists unravel 'language of surgery'

...n hand, the computer scientists hope to be able to recognize when a surgical task is being performed well and also to identify which movements can lead to operating room problems. Just as a speech recognition program might call attention to poor pronunciation or improper syntax, the system being developed by H...

Nanoparticle assembly enters the fast lane

...to individual gold nanoparticles and customized to recognize and bind to complementary DNA located on other particles. This process forms clusters, or aggregates, of gold particles. "It's really by design," Maye said. "We can sit down with a piece of paper, write out a DNA sequence, and control how these n...

Motorola researchers develop selective sensors based on carbon nanotubes

...anotubes," Tao explained. "Peptides can be used to recognize and detect various chemical species with high sens...s allows the researchers to "tune the peptides and recognize different compounds," Tao said. "We developed a simple way to attach different peptides to different...

Biologists probe the machinery of cellular protein factories

... RNA molecules. On the ribosome, the transfer RNAs recognize specific sequences of genetic code on the messenger RNA, and the amino acids are then joined together in the proper order. The images from Noller's group not only show the complete ribosome, they show it with a messenger RNA and two full-length tr...

Scientists find mutations that let bird flu adapt to humans

... the H5N1 avian influenza virus to adapt to easily recognize the receptors that are the gateway to human cells....ne. "Both changes are needed for the H5N1 virus to recognize human receptors." The new report provides a molecular blueprint for the genetic changes required ...

HIV exploits competition among T-cells

...nfect one person. In this case, T cells compete to recognize the different strains. The winners ?the T cells that the body produces in mass quantities to fight the disease ?are the ones with the best overall record against the most recogniztable strains. Among the losers, however, there may be T cells that bet...

Effective HIV control may depend on viral protein targeted by immune cells

...ocus on the activity of the CD8 T lymphocytes that recognize and destroy virus-infected CD4 T cells, the fact that even patients in the last stages of AIDS can have measurable CD8 responses indicates that those responses are not always effective. To investigate how variations in CD8 response alter the ability...

Innovative movies show real-time immune-cell activity within tumors

... Ertl, M.D., was used to activate the T cells that recognize a molecule on the surface of the tumor cells. Such...n T cells are removed, tested for their ability to recognize the patient's cancer cells, activated and expanded greatly in numbers in the laboratory, and then re...

Proteins anchor memories in our brain

...mmune system's T cells develop, if T cells fail to recognize just one of the body's thousands of proteins as "s... the thymus, and those T cells with receptors that recognize "self" proteins, or antigens, normally are purged to avoid autoimmune attacks in the body later on. ...

Autoimmune disease triggered if T cells miss a single protein early on

...mmune system's T cells develop, if T cells fail to recognize just one of the body's thousands of proteins as "s... the thymus, and those T cells with receptors that recognize "self" proteins, or antigens, normally are purged to avoid autoimmune attacks in the body later on. ...

Malaria vaccine prompts victims' immune system to eliminate parasite from mosquitoes

...lty recognizing to molecules the immune system can recognize easily. Primed by the conjugate vaccine, the immune system begins making antibodies—immune proteins that target specific molecules. The antibodies then eliminate molecules the immune system would fail to detect. "With conjugate technology, NIH re...

Molecular anatomy of influenza virus detailed

...w antibodies inactivate the virus, and how viruses recognize susceptible cells and enter them in the act of infection. "Being able to visualize influenza virus particles should boost our efforts to prepare for a possible pandemic flu attack," says NIAMS Director Stephen I. Katz, M.D., Ph.D. "This work will ...

Beauty and the brain

...ary pattern likeable just by preparing the mind to recognize it quickly." The research follows up on earlier studies establishing that prototypical images are rated as more beautiful or appealing than variations of the same thing. The phenomenon ?sometimes known as the "beauty-in-averageness effect" ?was fi...

Immune cell communication key to hunting viruses, Jefferson immunologists show

...mong so-called "antigen presenting" proteins that recognize and attach to the virus, in turn, making it visible to the immune system. T-cell receptors then "see" the virus, activating the T-cells. The researchers, led by Yuri Sykulev, M.D., Ph.D., associate professor of microbiology and immunology at Jeff...

Tests for 'face-blindness' reveal disorder may not be so rare

...r prosopagnosia, a socially disabling inability to recognize or distinguish faces. They've already used the new...eated. Prosopagnosics who take these tests fail to recognize repetition among the faces in the series, even as they readily identify repeated pictures of other o...

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