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Tag: "recognize" at biology news

Cancer-killing invention also harvests stem cells

...ce. Cancer cells have five types of proteins that recognize and bind to TRAIL, but only two trigger cell death. The other three are called decoy receptors. Healthy cells contain a lot of decoy receptors, giving them a natural protection against TRAIL, whereas cancer cells mainly express the two receptors th...

Mechanisms involved with tumor relapse identified

...phocytes, or immunization with a tumor vaccine ?to recognize and eradicate tumor cells. Using a transgenic mouse model of breast cancer, researchers found that interferon gamma, a cytokine or chemical messenger that is produced by cells of the immune system upon activation, plays a role in tumor relapse. I...

Using brain scans, researchers find evidence for a two-stage model of human perceptual learning

...cience. "We make sense of the world by learning to recognize objects as members of categories such as 'food,' 'friend,' or 'foe,' but it has not been clear how the human brain does this," he said. The researchers theorized that a very simple yet efficient way of doing this kind of learning would be for the ...

What recognizes what in plant disease resistance?

...indings provide novel insights into how R proteins recognize pathogen Avr proteins and should help in long-term efforts to enhance crop yield. ...

DNA ends: Common tool, different job

...r OB-fold, a protein fold that is commonly used to recognize and bind to either DNA or RNA. Based on these findings, Lundblad and her colleagues developed a model, which predicts that Cdc13, Stn1 and Ten1 come together at the very end of chromosomes to form a telomere-dedicated RPA-like complex they dubbed...

Experimental vaccine given during pregnancy reduces stillbirths from common virus

... an attack against it. In so doing, they learn to recognize CMV. The gene used in the experimental guinea pig CMV vaccine—UL83, also called pp65—contains the information needed to make a protein involved in the infection process. The virus used to make the vector vaccine (Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Viru...

Stretching DNA to the limit

...g can very profoundly affect the ability of DNA to recognize specific molecules, and can thus completely disrupt its ability to replicate and interact with the transcriptional machinery to synthesize proteins. Marszalek and his colleagues have also examined synthetic DNA to figure out the extent to which diffe...

FDA causes unnecessary scare about common painkillers

...At the same time, he says the agency has failed to recognize the harm of a pain reliever that should be taken o...BioMed Central, Furberg says the FDA has failed to recognize current scientific evidence when it made decisions on the safety of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory d...

Stem cell therapy shows promise for rescuing deteriorating vision

...of old age, robbing people of the ability to read, recognize faces and live independently. The finding that the brain cells protected the cells in the eye was a surprise, according to Raymond D. Lund, an author of the new study and an eye disease expert at the University of Utah and the Oregon Health and Sc...

Cryoablation -- A new treatment option for some kidney tumor patients

...erience in percutaneous RFA led the researchers to recognize that it has two important limitations. Tumors larger than 3 centimeters are difficult to treat with RFA, with increased rates of technical failures and tumor recurrence. Also, the area being treated cannot be effectively monitored with computed tom...

How does your brain tell time?

...the timing mechanisms that underlie our ability to recognize speech and enjoy music are distributed throughout the brain, and do not resemble the conventional clocks we wear on our wrists," said Buonomano. Because time-related information is critical to understanding speech, determining how the brain tells ...

White blood cells of cancer-resistant mice overwhelm natural defenses of cancer cells

...lls after sensing their presence. Second, they recognize unique properties on the surface of the cancer cells and closely surround those cells. Third, a lethal dose of each white-blood-cell type's cancer-killing compound is delivered to the cancer cells. The killing molecule varies with the white-cell t...

New study aims to stop sepsis in its tracks

...M. Berg, Ph.D. One of the major challenges is to recognize sepsis when it starts. That's because in its early stages, it is often mistaken for a milder infection or other problems, said Angus. "A person may arrive with what looks like a simple case of pneumonia, and the emergency department team starts antib...

Early-stage immune system control of HIV may depend on inherited factors

... the immune response involves educating T cells to recognize pathogens or other "non-self" proteins. This is done by means of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) receptors that sit on the surface of virtually every cell. Immune system cells that ingest bacteria or parasites digest those pathogens and display protei...

Science researchers genetically transform immune cells into tumor fighters

...on T cells, a special type of immune cell that can recognize and attack "foreign" cells such as those found in .... "We've identified T cell receptors that will now recognize common cancers," he notes. The newly engineered T cells showed signs of persistence in 15 of the p...

Ocean sampling yields environmental sources of coral symbionts

...osystems and their conservation, it is critical to recognize where these symbionts reside in the ocean environment. In the new work, the researchers succeeded in identifying Symbiodinium in the water column as well as on ocean-bottom substrates. Most importantly, the researchers also demonstrated that a su...

New clues to how sex evolves

...ated "zinc-finger" proteins, proteins that usually recognize specific sequences of DNA. Each protein acts to pair and link together one or two specific chromosomes among C. elegans's full set of six. The him and zim genes appear in tandem on a single chromosome, which raises the question of how they evolved. ...

Comprehensive model is first to map protein folding at atomic level

...l as how natural proteins evolved and how proteins recognize correct biochemical partners within living cells. ...d, and how do proteins interact in living cells to recognize correct partners versus promiscuous ones?" ...

Tiny Tampa Bay fish key to evolution of immune system

... molecules used by the adaptive immune response to recognize and counter components of invading microbes. If so, it would provide an illustration of the potential for studies of diverse species, even those that at first glance may appear to be of no special interest, to yield information of value in understand...

Gene-bender proteins may sway to DNA

...ns the genetic instructions. How does the protein recognize a particular binding site" Structural changes in b...ch adds to the basic understanding of how proteins recognize a specific binding site. "Gaining better insights into protein-DNA interactions that control all a...

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