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Tag: "recognition" at biology news

Immune system response to viral DNA is unique

... in Immunity. The researchers also found that DNA recognition might be used to detect invasive bacteria in addit...une response to intracellular DNA with other virus recognition pathways. "We found that this novel pathway seems to function differently from all other known nucl...

Fruit fly's beating heart helps identify human heart disease genes

...upported by the National Institutes of Health. In recognition of his research, the American Heart Association bestowed upon Wolf its prestigious Louis N. and Arnold M. Katz Basic Research Prize in November during its annual scientific sessions. This is the second year in a row that a trainee in Rockman's lab ha...

'Uniquely human' component of language found in gregarious birds

...s that other animals share basic levels of pattern recognition with humans. "There might be no single property or processing capacity," the authors write, "that marks the many ways in which the complexity and detail of human language differs from non-human communication systems." "It may be more useful," they ...

Newly identified mechanism helps explain why people of African descent are more vulnerable to TB

...e rapid immune response of host scavenger cells to recognition of certain patterns of molecules found on pathogens, which has been retained in evolution from fruit flies to humans. A set of receptors on macrophages in humans called Toll-like receptors contribute to innate immune responses. The researchers descri...

Infants can organise visual information at just four months

...derstand how higher-level processes such as object recognition ?which requires grouping by several different visual characteristics ?develop. But the researchers also have a further interest: having established this pattern of development in normal infants, they intend to turn their attention to what happens in ...

Birth defects: 8 million annually worldwide

...es, allied health professionals and workers in the recognition and care of children with birth defects. Establish national capacity for birth defects surveillance and monitoring. Some middle-income countries have infant mortality rates that approximate those of the United States in the early 1960s, when it be...

Chlamydia parasite lives off our fat

...ple of 'organelle mimicry' where Chlamydia escapes recognition by the host by cloaking itself in these fat-rich structures." Understanding host lipid transport by Chlamydiae may have further implication for chronic infections, the researchers say. For example, lipid-rich macrophages ("foam cells") are a sympto...

Bacteria that cause tooth decay able to survive without important biochemical pathway

...ing literature indicated it is vital." The signal recognition particle, or SRP, pathway is a primary mechanism by which proteins are chaperoned from cellular assembly lines, where they are made, to the protective outer surface of the cells, where they are inserted. Without a steady infusion of proteins, the mem...

Discovering the first steps in transcription-coupled repair

...ixing the machinery The first step in TCR is the recognition that an RNAPII is stalled. Subsequently one of several things must happen. Most theoretical models have assumed that the stalled RNAPII has to be degraded and moved out of the way so the lesion can be repaired, after which transcription of the gene m...

Molecular research suggest shift needed in how some drugs are created

...at a death domain is a death domain, and molecular recognition takes place in the same fashion," said lead author Michael V. Lasker, an M.D./Ph.D. student in the College of Medicine at Urbana-Champaign. "But the crystal structure of our death domain clearly shows that indeed this is not the case." The crystal s...

Prozac for future Plants on Mars

... be based on either individually specific chemical recognition ?such as that known from plant reproductive systems -- or physiological coordination between roots that belong to the same plant. To test this, the researchers used plants that had two roots and two shoots and split them into two separate plants that...

Plants discriminate between self and non self

... be based on either individually specific chemical recognition ?such as that known from plant reproductive systems -- or physiological coordination between roots that belong to the same plant. To test this, the researchers used plants that had two roots and two shoots and split them into two separate plants that...

Breast tumors in mice eradicated using cancer vaccine

... antigenic peptides to the surface of the cell for recognition by killer T cells is generated in this cellular compartment. "We reasoned that if we could get Listeria to secrete a foreign protein into the interior of the cell, it would target that pathway and would elicit a strong killer T cell response, and we ...

Researchers Create DNA-Based Sensors for Nano-Tongues and Nano-Noses

...esponse characteristics and an appropriate pattern recognition program would be able to identify a weak known odor in the face of a strong and variable background. "There are few limits as to what we could build these sensors to detect, whether it is a molecule wafting off an explosive device or the protein byp...

The very defensive caterpillar

...ns in response to bacterial infection. The pattern recognition receptors (PRR) and antibacterial effectors produced at a first infection still function to protect against a repeated challenge. These results raise important issues in insect research which will be reported by Dr. Ioannis Eleftherianos at the Socie...

A Father’s Day Gift: Free DNA Paternity Testing

...le products have been created and there is growing recognition of the potential of deep sea genes to advance human welfare. The new report, Bioprospecting of Genetic Resources in the Deep Seabed (online at http://www.ias.unu.edu/binaries2/DeepSeabed_FINAL.pdf), cites rising concern about the absence of clear ru...

Clear rules needed to govern deep sea bioprospecting: UNU

...le products have been created and there is growing recognition of the potential of deep sea genes to advance human welfare. The new report, Bioprospecting of Genetic Resources in the Deep Seabed (online at http://www.ias.unu.edu/binaries2/DeepSeabed_FINAL.pdf), cites rising concern about the absence of clear ru...

New bioinformatics technique for systematically analyzing key regions in DNA that help control gene activity

... from medical and financial data analysis to voice recognition and image processing. Applied to gene regulation, the approach was able to predict the location of regulatory sites for about one-third of the genes in the yeast genome - a success rate as good as or better than other current techniques. "The next s...

Simple sea sponge helps scientists understand tissue rejection

...d sponge (Microciona prolifera) has a cell-to-cell recognition system that, on a basic level, is similar to that ...ggestion that they are involved in non-self tissue recognition and rejection. Researchers believe that gray cells may be a primitive form of our immune system's hu...

Hopkins scientists uncover 'tags' that force proteins to cell surface

...ns were already known to use similar-size bits for recognition and signaling. "The immune system uses ones that are seven to nine blocks long to identify viral proteins or other immune triggers," explains Li. Also, the number of possible combinations of eight-block-long protein segments provides a "reasonable...

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