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Tag: "receptors" at biology news

UCSD researchers discover internal compass of immune cell

...to adenosine, which in turn activates A3 adenosine receptors concentrated at the front of cells, providing the ...tudent in biomedical sciences, found that when ATP receptors were blocked, the cells became disoriented, while blocking A3 adenosine receptors slowed down the ce...

UCSD researchers create roadmap to integrin activation

...tant technical advance in the study of the complex receptors and pathways of the body's cellular system, resear... activation leads to changes in the cells' surface receptors ?changes that enable platelets to bind to the wall of blood vessels and to one another. "The road ...

Pleasure and pain: Study shows brain's 'pleasure chemical' is involved in response to pain too

...e activity by measuring the percentage of dopamine receptors on the surface of brain cells that were active. To...oactive form of carbon. The drug binds to the same receptors that dopamine does, so the more of it that could be seen in a specific brain area, the less dopamine...

PNAS study reveals why organs fail following massive trauma

... in the current study identified as many as 20 new receptors on the surfaces of T cells or signaling molecules within T cells, that increase their activity in the case of massive trauma to either cause anergy or apoptosis. Each pathway represents a target for the design of new drugs to reverse T cell shutdown....

Psst! Coffee drinkers: Fruit flies have something to tell you about caffeine

...ntell. "This indicates that flies have different receptors for the response to other types of bitter compounds," he says. "We also tested whether the flies avoided the related bitter compounds found in tea and cocoa -- chocolate -- and found that Gr66a also is required for the response to the compound in te...

Bitter taste identifies poisons in foods

...atural foods. "The findings show that our taste receptors are capable of detecting toxins in the natural set... genetically-based differences in our bitter taste receptors affect how we each perceive foods containing a particular set of toxins," summarizes Breslin. Bresl...

Molecular mechanism provides intra-cellular traffic signal

... growth factor secretion and presentation of their receptors on cells result in cancer. Defects in neurotransmitter release or internalization result in brain disorders." A special set of proteins is responsible for the coordination. Molecular switches that go by the letters Ypt allow membrane-enclosed vesic...

Proteins anchor memories in our brain

... of proteins in the thymus, and those T cells with receptors that recognize "self" proteins, or antigens, norma...ndom gene rearrangements. This strategy allows the receptors to recognize the tremendous diversity of invading pathogens. In the process, however, they also deve...

Autoimmune disease triggered if T cells miss a single protein early on

... of proteins in the thymus, and those T cells with receptors that recognize "self" proteins, or antigens, norma...ndom gene rearrangements. This strategy allows the receptors to recognize the tremendous diversity of invading pathogens. In the process, however, they also deve...

Changing length of days reverses how estrogen affects aggressiveness in mice

...ked at how day length interacted with two types of receptors in parts of the brain that affect aggression ?estr...n receptor alpha and estrogen receptor beta. These receptors are like docking stations that send signals from the estrogen molecules into the cells. One hypot...

Critical hearing gene helps send auditory messages to brain

... "hair" cells are set into motion. Those sensory receptors come in two types: inner and outer hair cells. Outer hair cells amplify sound within the cochlea, allowing for hearing sensitivity. In contrast, inner hair cells are "the genuine sensory cells transmitting information on the temporal structure and in...

Insulin receptor stops progression of Alzheimer's disease

...es of diabetes. They showed that insulin and IGF-I receptors are produced separately in the brain, and begin to disappear early in Alzheimer's and continue to decline as the disease progresses. As insulin signaling breaks down, it leads to increased oxidative stress, impaired metabolism and cell death ?all cau...

Human testis harbors HIV-1 in resident immune cells

...ors. They found that all of the necessary cellular receptors (CD4, CXCR4, CCR5, and DC-SIGN) were present on cells located within the testis, specifically testicular macrophages. The point was demonstrated further by using explanted organ cultures in which human testis tissue was grown in culture. This test...

Restoring tamoxifen sensitivity in resistant breast cancer cells

...me, but not all, breast cancer cells have specific receptors that bind estrogen molecules circulating in the bl...estrogen. Tamoxifen works by binding to estrogen receptors in place of estrogen and blocking the signals that lead to cell division. Initially, tumor growth sl...

Jefferson scientists find aging gene also protects against prostate cancer development

... scientists took a series of mutations in androgen receptors from prostate cancer patients who are resistant to...ptor mutation,?Dr. Pestell explains. “These mutant receptors are resistant to current therapies and are all blocked by expression of SIRT1,?adding that prostate ...

Researchers add to understanding of how brain cells communicate

...how different types of NMDA (N-methyl-d-aspartate) receptors perform varied functions. Their findings are publi...ells in the brain depends on specialized molecular receptors that conduct charged particles, or ions, between the outside and inside of cells. Ions also modify h...

Scientists find a key to immune system's ability to remember

...y induced by cell surface sensors known as antigen receptors that act to identify the signatures of pathogens like measles virus and HIV, agents that hide inside cells. Lck is important in helping "naive" T cells -- those cells that have never been exposed to a particular pathogen -- capture the receptor te...

When nerve cells can't make contact

...the receiving cell has "aerials" on its synapses - receptors that bind the chemical signals. The scientists speculated that this process could be disrupted if the nerve cells have no neuroligins. At the time of Bourgeron TM 's discovery, Nils Brose and Frederique Varoqueaux, brain researchers at the Max Plan...

Killing brain tumors from within: A 'Trojan horse' approach

... abnormally high number of epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR). This proliferation of EGFR is typical ...d stream, is avidly gobbled up by the multiple EGF receptors on the cancer cells, without harming normal cells. Once embedded in the tumor cells, it destroys the...

Inflammation markers identify fatigue in breast cancer survivors

...luble within the blood plasma. Those free-floating receptors can still bind to circulating cytokine IL-6, Dr. Irwin noted, and in that form have the potential to interact with cells that normally don't respond to cytokine/receptor activation ?such as brain cells that may regulate fatigue sensation. IL6 is a ...

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