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Tag: "reactions" at biology news

Mice studies illustrate potential of chimp/human antibodies to protect against smallpox

...es, including monkeypox and cowpox. Although most reactions to the vaccinia virus are mild, the vaccine can cause serious and even life-threatening complications in individuals with weakened immune systems or skin conditions such as eczema, in infants younger than 12 months and in pregnant women. Health care ...

'Nano-keys' bind cell receptors and trigger allergic reactions

...ls and histamines (substances released in allergic reactions that cause runny nose, watery eyes and other characteristic allergy symptoms) and they are the gatekeepers for the allergic immune response. This system can be manipulated experimentally. Specifically, Baird works with immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibod...

Lactic acid not athlete's poison, but an energy source - if you know how to use it

...e muscle cells. For both fuels, the basic chemical reactions producing ATP and generating lactate comprise the glycolytic pathway, often called anaerobic metabolism because no oxygen is needed. This pathway was thought to be separate from the oxygen-based oxidative pathway, sometimes called aerobic metabolism,...

Researchers solve mystery of how nuclear pores duplicate before cell division

... safeguards the cell's genomic brain. All chemical reactions that occur in a cell emanate from the genes within the nucleus. "Maybe not surprisingly, any disturbance in the flow of information across the nuclear membrane can alter cell functioning," says Hetzer. "Nuclear pores are truly amazing," says postdoc...

Study in Science holds promise for a new approach to drug therapy

...pe of the dock in a such a way as to set off chain reactions inside the cell, enabling the cell to respond to t...on the inside of the cell, kicking off a series of reactions there. Once free, a G protein itself breaks up into an alpha subunit and a tightly paired gamma-be...

Animal brains 'hard-wired' to recognize predator's foot movements, Queen's study suggests

...ts and spiders, or birds can generate pathological reactions not observed in response to 'normal' animals." ...

A new way of looking at molecular motors

... motors run on tracks, like trains, using chemical reactions that involve the chemical compound adenosine triphosphate (ATP) for fuel. Myosin runs on the filaments of actin, a protein found in muscle cells, but kinesins and dyneins use microtubules, which are hollow protein structures inside the cell, as thei...

'Genetic network' guards against lethal DNA damage

...nsure that each task in the network of biochemical reactions governing DNA stability is accomplished, Boeke noted. Based on the data from this study, the investigators were able to separate the genes governing the stability of yeast DNA into 16 modules, or mini-pathways of genes, based on these genetic intera...

Research could lead to better drugs and whiter whites

...zymes ?biological molecules that speed up chemical reactions in the body. When these chemical reactions go wrong they can lead to disease, so modern drugs are designed to target enzymes and 'switch them o...

Face perception is modulated by sexual orientation

...s taken into account, did make a difference in the reactions seen in the thalamus and the orbitofrontal cortex, a region of the brain's reward circuitry. Heterosexual women and homosexual men exhibited a significantly greater response to male faces, whereas heterosexual men and homosexual women responded signi...

Jefferson researchers building a better rabies vaccine

...ein, that a vaccine that takes advantage of immune reactions to this protein can be effective. Dr. Dietzschold explains that the current wildlife rabies vaccine used in the United States is ineffective in a chief carrier: skunks. The vaccine developed by his team is much broader, showing efficacy in such anim...

Hopkins researchers discover genetic switch that turns off an oxygen-poor cell's combustion engine

...he cell needs to perform each of its many chemical reactions and tasks, and in this way acts as the "currency" for the cell's energy economy. A report on the work, done with mouse cells genetically altered to lack the HIF-1 gene, appears in the March 8 issue of Cell Metabolism. A cell's energy demands a...

Brain's own cannabis compound protects against inflammation

...ory response and to limit neurodegenerative immune reactions after primary brain damage. "Moreover, endocannabinoid signaling strongly suppresses attack of microglial cells on nondamaged neurons," they wrote, "suggesting also a physiological function of the endocannabinoid system in maintaining a protective a...

VCU Massey Cancer Center researchers identify a new class of anti-cancer drugs based on platinum

... Non-covalent interactions minimize potential side reactions and produce changes in the structure of proteins and DNA, which is different from currently used drugs. This research was selected as the cover article for the print version of the journal, Issue 26. Researchers compared the cytotoxicity and cellula...

Newly discovered killer cell fights cancer

...ter. "We think this hybrid cell speeds up immune reactions and makes the system more efficient," adds Pardoll, whose findings are reported in the February issue of Nature Medicine. The Hopkins investigators speculate that the hybrid, dubbed "IKDC" for interferon-producing killer dendritic cell, has been mis...

A step forward in the fight against bacterial infections

...e development of new therapeutics. A cascade of reactions protects us against infections Most of the time,...em − TLR4 − initiates a long series of reactions that bring on an inflammation, which eliminates the bacteria from our body. Of course, this chain of...

MIT researchers build tiny batteries with viruses

...energy density, she added. Equally important, the reactions needed to create nanowires occur at normal room temperatures and pressures, so there is no need for expensive pressure-cooking technology to get the job done. The work is important, too, because energy density is a vital quality in batteries. A lack...

'Prosthetic' retinal cells let blind mice see light

...ore, may largely avoid the complications of immune reactions and biocompability," wrote the researchers. "In addition, it could potentially achieve high spatial resolution for the restored 'vision' because the approach targets the cellular level. Thus, the expression of microbial-type channelrhodopsins, such a...

Ocean acidification threatens cold-water coral ecosystems

...ke of CO2 by oceans initiates a series of chemical reactions that increase acidity and decrease carbonate ion concentration in seawater. Corals and other marine organisms (e.g. some species of plankton and mollusks) use carbonate ions to build their skeletons or shells. Model projections indicate that by 2100...

New fruit fly protein illuminates circadian response to light

...nsduces the light signal and kicks off a series of reactions within the clock cells of the brain. Under normal conditions, CRY will respond to light by binding to a protein called timeless (TIM). A second protein, a member of the F-box protein family, also binds to TIM, signaling TIM for cellular destruction. ...

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