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Tag: "reactions" at biology news

Biotechnology's newest chemical tool

... methylation, and the enzymes that carry out these reactions also rely on AdoMet as their methyl source. Since the chemistry is the same, this technique is likely to be applicable to those biomolecules as well, further expanding its utility. Klimasauskas said that one potential application might be to label va...

New discovery: If it weren't for this enzyme, decomposing pesticide would take millennia

...igning enzymes later on, he said. Using enzymes in reactions can greatly reduce the cost of a lot of chemical processes. Finding the enzyme in bacteria in fields never before exposed to the pesticide Shell D-D would demonstrate that that it had not evolved in the past 50 years, Wolfenden said. "What is also ...

Sudden change in social status triggers genetic response in male fish, study finds

...k, or your sense of yourself may be altered. Those reactions have to have some kind of cellular underpinnings." The study also contributes to a growing body of scientific evidence that fish are more than mindless creatures that instinctively swim about in search of food and mates. "Our study shows that t...

K-State researchers study insects' immune system

...as viruses, bacteria and fungi, and the pathway of reactions that follow in the immune system. Studying the immune system of insects is important because it can lead to useful knowledge for the improvement of biological pesticides, Kanost said. Such a method of pest control only kills specific insects and is ...

Plants have a double line of defence

...ly separated cell compartments, in which metabolic reactions often take place that would be dangerous for the organism at any place other than inside the compartments. If a fungus tries to invade a plant cell, the peroxisomes are led over to the entry site by the attached PEN2 protein. One or more sugar molecu...

Gene controls whether fear is a factor

...form normally in a test of spatial learning. Fear reactions represent a spectrum of behaviors that vary from those that are inborn to those instilled through experience, said the researchers. Instinctive fears--such as fear of heights or predators--are often species specific toward actual or potential threats...

Evolutionary conservation of a mechanism of longevity from worms to mammals

...biquinone, an essential cofactor in numerous redox reactions such as mitochondrial respiration. Though lack of the mclk1 gene results in embryonic lethality, the authors were able to study mclk1-/- embryonic stem (ES) cells and show that they are resistant to oxidative stress and exhibit reduced DNA damage wh...

PET imaging reveals the immune system at work

...ortant advantage," Witte noted. "We can see immune reactions in the body that would otherwise not be easy to see. If you test blood, for example, it may not tell you what's going on in the liver or the spleen. With this technique, the sensitivity for monitoring the immune system is incredible because you're se...

Jefferson biologist coaxing human embryonic stem cells to make dopamine with simpler, faster method

...ortant advantage," Witte noted. "We can see immune reactions in the body that would otherwise not be easy to see. If you test blood, for example, it may not tell you what's going on in the liver or the spleen. With this technique, the sensitivity for monitoring the immune system is incredible because you're se...

Key brain regulatory gene shows evolution in humans

... for example, catalyzing the multitude of chemical reactions in the cell. DNA genes constitute the blueprints for such proteins, with the regulatory segments of these genes determining how actively the genes churn out proteins. The researchers published their findings in the December 2005 issue of the Public ...

Langerhans cells regulate immune reactions in the skin

...ls, not just as sentinels or stimulators of immune reactions as previously thought, but more as peacekeepers with the environment, which poses a constant challenge to skin. Most such challenges are not dangerous and do not warrant an immune response." Langerhans cells may function generally to prevent excessi...

'Computer-chemistry' yields new insight into a puzzle of cell division

...only requires the "active sites" -- where chemical reactions occur --on the phosphatase and the kinase to link precisely, Rudolph said. The two molecules' component parts, or "residues," must also orient in a tongue-and-groove fit at a few other special places, which the researchers dubbed 'hot spots," on the ...

The secret love life of plants

...how exactly the signal functions and what chemical reactions are behind it. "Explaining the mechanism behind double fertilisation in flowering plants and early seed development is particularly interesting in the context of plant breeding," says Arp Schnittger, "because reproduction without fertilisation would...

Serious adverse reactions to smallpox vaccine appear to be limited

There was a low rate of life-threatening adverse reactions to the smallpox vaccine administered to potential ...verse reactions, contact transmissions, or adverse reactions that required treatment with vaccinia immune globulin were identified. Serious adverse events were m...

Why the Amazon rainforest is so rich in species

... such as competition for food and their individual reactions to the environment dictate the pattern of evolution in each group." Professor Mallet and PhD student Alaine Whinnett tested the "DNA clock" using the mitochondrial DNA of nine different butterfly species groups [genera] on the eastern side of the A...

Web model of influenza-host lifecycles will aid scientists in creating anti-viral drugs

...iar with, and to help researchers look at specific reactions and figure out ways to block them. "Understanding...h in several species, primarily human. Individual reactions are shown as separate items, which are linked by arrows to associated reactions. The diagrams resemb...

Infection 'alarm' yields clues to immune system behavior

...ed the NF-kappaB pathway. Via a series of chemical reactions that act like signals traveling over a telephone wire, TNF's message moves along this pathway from the cell's surface to its nucleus. At the end of this pathway, NF-kappaB molecules are released to carry the alarm into the nucleus, the cell's contro...

Enzyme inhibitors block replication of SARS virus

...of catalyzing agents used to help promote chemical reactions in the laboratory were actually more powerful in blocking the SARS protease than either the Lopinavir or any of the target compounds. These organic compounds are called benzotriazole esters. The esters entered the SARS protease site, formed an int...

Low-cost drug gaining favor for use in HIV-infected children in poor countries

...de effects, and the trial did uncover some adverse reactions from cotrimoxazole. Still, Grimwade said the Zambian study shows that the drug is a safe precaution against opportunistic infections in HIV-positive children. The new review is being released as health policy makers anticipate updated recommendation...

Ebola DNA vaccine produces immune responses in all fully vaccinated volunteers in Phase 1 trial

...vaccine was well tolerated, with no severe adverse reactions to the vaccine reported at any of the doses tested. Ebola-specific antibody responses against at least one of the encoded antigens were detected in all vaccine recipients. GP-specific antibody and T-cell responses were detected in all recipients who ...

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