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Tag: "reaction" at biology news

Hopkins scientists show hallucinogen in mushrooms creates universal 'mystical' experience

...havioral Biology. "That gap is large because, as a reaction to the excesses of the 1960s, human research with hallucinogens has been basically frozen in time these last forty years." All of the study's authors caution about substantial risks of taking psilocybin under conditions not appropriately supervised...

A sweet solution for Alzheimer's disease?

...o be toxic in some humans. It caused an autoimmune reaction in about 10 percent of patients who were immunized...ein, which was probably the origin of the allergic reaction to the vaccine," the researcher said. Another complication with previous attempts to treat Alzheim...

Infected for life

...nerves are found, causes cell damage and an immune reaction that results in a painful sore. Although the latency-to-reactivation process is not fully understood, it is known to involve stress, such as physical damage, ultraviolet light, hormones, or even fever. Fraser is currently testing whether HSV-2, a re...

Methane-belching bugs inspire a new theory of the origin of life on Earth

...metabolic cycle." As in virtually every metabolic reaction on Earth, the energy produced by these reactions is stored in a molecule called ATP. The Ack enzyme catalyzes the synthesis of ATP directly. On the other hand, most ATP molecules--including those that this microbe makes by converting carbon monoxide ...

University of Minnesota researchers take new look at cellular suicide

...A destruction. In one process, JNK starts a chain reaction that leads to the activation of an enzyme that chops up DNA. In the other process, JNK activates the histone H2AX. The activated enzyme and the activated histone work together to make mincemeat of the DNA. Dong and his colleagues are the first to sho...

Pure novelty spurs the brain

...kinds of oddball images to distinguish the brain's reaction to pure novelty itself from the other possible sources of brain activation, such as emotional arousal. In a second set of oddball experiments, the researchers sought to determine whether the SN/VTA encodes the magnitude of novelty. In those experim...

Whiplash injuries ?are they caused by startle reflexes?

... showed that a significant component of the muscle reaction in a first collision ?like the unexpected one on the roads ?arises through being startled by the abrupt motion and loud sound of the impact. This new finding promises a new understanding of the causes of this common injury, leading to new ways of pre...

Robots manipulating animal behaviour

...ividual insects. This results in a chain action or reaction between the artificial and natural agents ?a two-way interaction that is unique and very promising for sciences such as biology and robotics." Not only did the insbots act like and interact with the insects, they even succeeded in changing the roac...

Researchers discover how bacteria sense their environments

...ses, or enzymes, within the cell, starting a chain reaction that leads to a response, such as changing how the flagella (or tails) spin. This allows the bacterium to move toward or away from what it has sensed. Such a mechanism of amplification allows signals from the receptors to travel hundreds of angstro...

Tests may help answer questions about GMOs and allergies

... process asks, 'Does the protein cause an allergic reaction in animals?' The problem is that there has been no good animal model available to test this." Gangur and students in his lab have developed a mouse model ?the first of its kind ?to test the allergy-causing potential of genetically engineered foods. ...

Mutant mice show key autism traits

...nd sexual and maternal behavior. In tests of their reaction to such sensory stimuli as bright environments, th...ocial paradigms tested and also showed exaggerated reaction to sensory stimuli, anxiety-like behaviors, seizures, and decreased learning, which are features ass...

Mouse study reveals new clues about virulence of 1918 influenza virus

...h gives a detailed picture of the overzealous host reaction to infection by a fully reconstructed 1918 influenza virus," says NIAID Director Anthony S. Fauci, M.D. "The research provides clues as to why the flu of 1918 was so deadly, and may also help us better understand the disease process that occurs when ...

Epstein-Barr virus might kick-start multiple sclerosis

...n, suggest that some individuals' unusually strong reaction to the virus may trigger the disease. The findings could lead to new therapeutic strategies for better control of the damage caused in this autoimmune disorder. The culprit, the researchers say, may be a population of T cells that helps boost other ...

With record resolution and sensitivity, tool images how life organizes in a cell membrane

...ies of autofluorescent proteins and photosynthetic reaction centers.'' Boxer's collaborators included chemistry postdoctoral fellow Mary Kraft of Stanford, who isotopically labeled the lipids used in the experiments, prepared the samples and performed all the measurements, Associate Professor of Chemical Eng...

USC team reveals structure of APOBEC family protein

...as deaminases, APOBEC proteins catalyze a chemical reaction that changes the "C" (cytidine) of the genetic code into a "U" or (uracil). Even a one-letter change in the code can lead to a change or loss of function in an encoded protein. Looked at from a different perspective, however, the enzyme family pla...

A simple feedback resistor switch keeps latent HIV from awakening

.... This simple switch, in which the deactivating reaction overpowers the activating rea ction under most circumstances, acts as a "feedback resistor," and its general features, the authors suggest, are likely to be found in other systems that must rapidly alternate between two states while resisting noise i...

Detecting explosives with honeybees

...xceptional olfactory sense where the bees' natural reaction to nectar, a proboscis extension reflex (sticking out their tongue), could be used to record an unmistakable response to a scent. Using Pavlovian training techniques common to bee research, they trained bees to give a positive detection response, via...

New biochip helps study living cells, may speed drug development

...ting a cell with one electrode while recording the reaction with the remaining three. Because ion channels are a prominent feature of the nervous system and elsewhere, they are a popular target for drugs. For example, lidocaine and Novocain target sodium-channels. In nature, some of the most potent venoms ...

Bacteria that use radiated water as food

...ed. Firmicutes are able to harvest energy from the reaction of hydrogen and sulfate, allowing other microbes in the fracture community to use the chemical waste from the Firmicutes as food. In a way, Firmicutes serve the same function as photosynthetic organisms, such as plankton and trees at Earth's surfac...

Professors to develop hand-held pathogen testing device

... the device where it will undergo polymerase chain reaction for the selected harmful pathogens. Polymerase chain reaction is a process that takes a small amount of DNA and makes billions of copies so the pathogens can be e...

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