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Tag: "reaction" at biology news

T-rays: New imaging technology spotlighted by American Chemical Society

... this method to probe photosynthetic and bacterial reaction centers, and perhaps DNA." ...

Serious adverse reactions to smallpox vaccine appear to be limited

... cases of generalized vaccinia (a skin eruption in reaction to vaccination) and 1 case of postvaccinial encephalitis (inflammation of the brain) were detected. No preventable life-threatening adverse reactions, contact transmissions, or adverse reactions that required treatment with vaccinia immune globulin w...

A biosensor layered like lasagna

...e of blood sugar. The catalyzed products from the reaction ping the carbon nanotube; if the tube is connected to an electrode, the tube will carry a signal that corresponds precisely with the amount of glucose detected. The first polymer binds to the carbon nanotube. Enzymes are attracted to the polymer, lea...

Infection 'alarm' yields clues to immune system behavior

... looked at the innate immune response, a localized reaction which normally stops an infection threat confined ...ast to a systemic response that triggers an immune reaction throughout the body, causing a fever. If the immune system responds too aggressively in such cases, ...

Intelligently designed molecular evolution

...ymes synthases. These seven enzymes use different reaction pathways to produce specific products that are as diverse as they can be from one another." In nature, the divergent evolution of promiscuous enzymes is achieved through trial and error, similar to the way in which the human immune system works. ...

MIT chemist discovers secret behind nature's medicines

...y knew that a particular enzyme was able to coax a reaction out of stubborn chemical concoctions to generate a... enzyme to be capable of catalyzing a halogenation reaction is so radical that people thought there must be a really elaborate difference in their structures. B...

'Nano-keys' bind cell receptors and trigger allergic reactions

... trigger a desired response or inhibit an allergic reaction and preventing the release of histamines and other inflammatory mediators. In her presentation, "Design and Fabrication of Stimuli to Reveal Spatial Regulation of Cellular Signaling," she explained, "We want to understand how the receptors on cell s...

Protein translation in sperm

...sperm motility, actin polymerization, the acrosome reaction and in vitro fertilization rates. Thus, protein translation in sperm is essential for sperm functions that directly contribute to fertilization. Dr. Breitbart is confident that "The new findings would give us better understanding for treatment of m...

Botox could help target resistant tumors for treatment

...ental model demonstrating how Botox can affect the reaction of blood vessels that feed tumors," said Gallez. "Tumor microvessels are formed hastily, and lack smooth muscle layers, but one can find mature blood vessels, with smooth muscle layers that respond to toxins like Botulinun, inside tumors. Several lab...

Earth Rx: A microbial biotechnology prescription for global environmental health

...e early 1980s, with the advent of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of microbial DNA and a new view of the evolution of organisms based on their ribosomal RNA. These technologies have advanced into high-throughput genomic and proteomic protocols that can detect specific genes and their metabolic ...

Alternatives to the use of nitrate as a fertiliser

...s that ammonium produces in plants. Moreover, this reaction can favour the growth of plants tolerant to ammonium in another situation of added stress. The researchers have shown that tolerance to ammonium experienced in one type of pea can be extrapolated to the rest of the varieties of the species. Neve...

Hantavirus found in African wood mouse

...ique called reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), the scientists searched each sample for a segment of RNA characteristic of hantaviruses. They found a match in one of the four African wood mice in the study. After finding the virus, the group cloned and sequenced it and compared it with ...

High resolution 'snapshots' detail dynamics of a cocaine antibody

... on the sequence of events in an antibody-mediated reaction and provided a rare glimpse of the structural dynamics involved. With this information, it's possible to move onto the next step in the development of a treatment for cocaine abuse and addiction." ...

Research could lead to better drugs and whiter whites

...able energy barriers caused by the resistance to a reaction by allowing matter to 'flow through' the barrier ?a process known as quantum mechanical tunnelling. "We have provided new insight into how enzymes work from painstaking efforts of a large interdisciplinary group based on detailed experimental observ...

Losing sleep undoes the rejuvenating effects new learning has on the brain

...rter attention span, impaired memory, and a longer reaction time. "Sleep is necessary for general health, but it now appears that the brain needs sleep more than any other part of the body," Hairston said. Previous studies have shown that the hippocampus is important for spatial learning. "The hippocampus al...

Oops! Researchers publish new findings on the brain's response to costly mistakes

...in response to errors was involved in an emotional reaction to making an error," says Gehring. "Our new fMRI result not only confirms this, but it also allows us to pinpoint the area in the brain that shows the exaggerated error response." Taylor, who treats patients with psychiatric disorders, says the next...

Plant-derived vaccines safeguard against deadly plague

...read adoption by having problems with high adverse reaction rates and side effects. The research team included Santi, Hugh Mason and Charles Arntzen, all members of the institute's Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccinology. They worked out a new plant-based system to rapidly and stably produce high leve...

AIDS drug from sunflowers

... the sunflowers activate when they produce DCQA in reaction to a fungus infection.' This knowledge would make mass production of DCQA a distinct possibility. Even now chemists can 'copy' the substance, albeit only with great difficulty. 'The tricky bit is transferring the caffeoyl groups to the quinic acid,'...

Face perception is modulated by sexual orientation

...face was Attractive, Neutral, or Unattractive, and reaction times were recorded. Behaviorally, regardless of their gender and sexual orientation, all subjects rated the attractiveness of both male and female faces very similarly, suggesting that men and women equally notice and respond to beauty of individu...

Scientists force viruses to evolve as better delivery vehicles for gene therapy

... the genes through an error-prone polymerase chain reaction (PCR) coupled with a test tube recombination technique. After reassembling the mutant viruses inside their capsids, they introduced them to blood serum pooled from rabbits immunized against AAV, and thus containing many types of antibodies to AAV. On...

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