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Tag: "radiation" at biology news

Global 'sunscreen' has likely thinned, report NASA scientists

...e planet warmed at the same time that direct solar radiation reaching the surface decreased. The dimming in the simulations closely matched actual measurements of sunlight declines recorded from the 1960s to 1990. Further simulations using one of the Goddard climate models revealed that aerosols blocking su...

Genes and biomarkers that allow doctors to choose the right therapy for the right patient

...termine how an individual might respond to drug or radiation therapy. Molecular predictors of drug response ...n cancer therapy and lower the risk of unnecessary radiation treatments. Researchers at Vanderbilt University are using a biomarker library of peptides to determ...

Hofmeyr skull supports the 'Out of Africa' theory

...t over 36,000 years ago by measuring the amount of radiation that had been absorbed by sand grains that filled the inside of the skullâ?super>TM s braincase. At this age, the skull fills a significant void in the human fossil record of sub-Saharan Africa from the period between about 70,000 and 15,000 year...

UCSF brain tumor vaccine trial shows promising results

...itional cancer treatments such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Vitespen has been granted fast-track and ...came to UCSF for a second opinion after undergoing radiation and chemotherapy elsewhere for treatment of a glioma. At UCSF she learned that part of the tumor wa...

Destructive enzyme shows a benevolent side

...e might help cancer cells survive chemotherapy and radiation therapy. The study examined a recently discovere...ch can occur within large tumors), chemotherapy or radiation therapy. The study, led by researchers at Ohio State University's Comprehensive Cancer Center, is...

Molecular differences between early and advanced melanomas could provide new drug targets

...tumors become highly resistant to chemotherapy and radiation and the five-year survival rate falls rapidly, to 64 percent if the disease has reached the lymph nodes and 16 percent if it has spread to other organs. The discovery of Akt's significant role in the progression of melanomas was made by scientists...

Radiation therapy combo cures prostate cancer long-term

...-four percent of men treated with a combination of radiation seed implants and external beam radiation therapy for prostate cancer are cured of their disease 15 years following their treatment, according...

NASA predicts nongreen plants on other planets

... is little visible light, and so they use infrared radiation during photosynthesis. Scientists have long known that the chlorophyll in most plants on Earth absorbs blue and red light and less green light. Therefore, chlorophyll appears green. Although some green color is absorbed, it is less than the other...

Study examines risk of soft tissue sarcomas in hereditary retinoblastoma survivors

...he RB-1 gene that causes retinoblastoma and to the radiation treatment that most retinoblastoma patients receiv... of the 69 sarcomas developed outside the original radiation treatment field, and leiomyosarcoma was diagnosed more often outside the radiation field than in it....

Study calculates patient time costs associated with cancer care

...nd emergency room visits, chemotherapy treatments, radiation therapy, hospitalizations, outpatient surgeries, and imaging procedures. They then estimated how long each patient spent traveling to, waiting for, and receiving care. The net costs were calculated using a dollar value of $15.23 per hour, the median ...

'Guardian of the genome' protein found to underlie skin tanning

...her and his colleagues found that ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun causes skin cells called keratinocyte...C levels rose dramatically. When they delivered UV radiation to mice whose keratinocytes lacked p53, POMC production was not induced and the mice did not tan. ...

Scientists identify pancreatic cancer stem cells

...esearch, standard treatments like chemotherapy and radiation may not be touching these cells," said Simeone. "If that is why pancreatic cancer is so hard to treat, a new approach might be to design a drug that specifically targets pancreatic cancer stem cells without interfering with normal stem cell function....

Dinosaur hearing, listening to muscle noise, quieter cubicles

...tiffness was traditionally measured using external radiation sources (such as a vibrating piston). But the Scripps researchers use a process called passive elastography, a low-cost, in-vivo, non-invasive technique in which an array of surface sensors follow the passing of natural shear waves traveling along t...

Dealing deadly cancers a knockout punch

... that Reolysin alone or in combination with either radiation or chemotherapy can stop or reverse the growth of advanced cancers without adding harmful side effects," said Dr. Mettinger. ...

Researchers publish first marsupial genome sequence

... only laboratory animal known in which ultraviolet radiation alone can cause melanoma, a type of skin cancer that also strikes humans exposed to too much of the sun's ultraviolet rays. Having the sequence of the opossum genome will give researchers the ability to learn more about the molecular basis of melanom...

Cancer patients monitor fatigue in real time

...cancer patients experience during chemotherapy and radiation treatment, but it's difficult for health care professionals to accurately assess its severity. Nurse researchers at the University of Illinois at Chicago are studying fatigue in cancer patients undergoing stem cell transplants using a method success...

Amphibians in losing race with environmental change

...reduce predation. But the increased levels of UV-B radiation in today's sunlight, due to erosion of the Earth's ozone layer, is causing mutations, impaired immune systems and slower growth rates. Through evolution, amphibians were able to adapt to changing UV-B levels in the past, but the current change has oc...

'Virtual Patient' to simulate real-time organ motions for radiation therapy

...ficantly improve the accuracy and effectiveness of radiation treatment for lung and liver cancers. X. George... advanced computer model that simulates in 3-D how radiation affects the organs and tissues in the human body. "Live patients are not static beings, and a mov...

Herpes virus hijacks DNA repair process

...amage response normally fixes DNA errors caused by radiation or other environmental factors, or mistakes accidentally introduced when cells copy their genetic material prior to dividing. In the murine (or mouse-infecting) herpes virus they studied, researchers at Washington University School of Medicine in ...

Studies to find better ways to preserve human eggs, ovarian tissue under way

...ile because systemic chemotherapy and more focused radiation therapy, designed to kill rapidly spreading cancer cells, also can destroy dynamic reproductive tissue. “I don’t think when you are faced with the reality that you may die, your fertility is the most important thing you are thinking or talking ab...

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