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Neuroscientists discover new cell type that may help brain maintain memories of smells

...d two significant hurdles in trying to answer this question in the olfactory system. The first was the shear numbers of potential partner neurons each Blanes cell might have. The other hurdle relates to difficulty in visualizing the incredibly thin connection between the Blanes cell and its target neurons. ...

Cuttlefish masters of disguise despite colorblindness

... in cuttlefish. Despite these results, the vexing question of how cuttlefish master the task of camouflage in low-contrast, color-rich environments such as those found at shallow depths of water, remains to be answered. Mäthger and her colleagues are currently looking at cuttlefish contrast sensitivity in mo...

Lack of basic research putting patients at risk

... why has it not been done, he asks? He calls into question whether medical academia, in its current form, is properly fit for purpose. He believes that medical academia must improve its performance or, less preferably, be forced by politicians to prioritise appropriately. The recent emphasis on the developm...

How can we protect patients with weakened immune systems from influenza?

...en's Hospital. "Our research focuses on the basic question of who benefits most from influenza vaccine," said Dr. Sullivan. "This question becomes paramount if influenza reaches epidemic proportions and supplies of vaccine are limited. We ...

Genetic mutation linked to West Nile virus infection

...Journal of Experimental Medicine. The mutation in question is a small deletion in a gene that encodes a protein called CCR5, which was identified in 1996 as a co-receptor used by HIV to infect cells. Individuals with two copies of this mutation (CCR5delta32) are highly resistant to HIV infection, even when ...

Males with elevated levels of testosterone lead shorter lives but have more success siring offspring

...ay issue of American Naturalist. This led to the question of why don't juncos naturally have higher levels of testosterone? Testosterone-treated males produced more offspring, but they were smaller, and smaller offspring had lower postfledging survival. Older, more experienced females preferred to mate with...

For the first time: Longevity modulated without disrupting life-sustaining function

...and reproduction were disrupted. "So, the central question became whether we would be able to genetically manipulate one element of the pathway without disrupting its additional functions," said Dillin. "In this regard, we thought that the life extending function of this pathway would be elusive, whereas the...

Blood flow in brain takes a twist, affecting views of Alzheimer's

...le in regulating blood flow in the brain call into question one of the basic assumptions underlying today's mo...ocytes." The idea creates a "chicken or egg" type question in patients with conditions like Alzheimer's or traumatic brain injury where blood flow to parts of ...

Loosen leash on cancer protein 'watchdog,' researchers say

...assist in future human cancer treatments. "It's a question of balance," said Mendrysa (pronounced men-DRISS-a...ere primarily interested in the second part of the question when we began," Mendrysa said. "These mice had a family trait that typically made them develop cance...

Evolution mystery: Spider venom and bacteria share same toxin

...ese relationships." "We're still left with the question of whether this venom enzyme hopped species from the spider to the bacteria, or the other way around. Either way, the presence of this medically-relevant toxin in one of these groups of organisms is likely the result of transfer from the other lineag...

Study finds 60 new genes controlled by DNA snippet

...e just about 2 percent of all human DNA. A central question in genetics has become: what does the remaining 98 percent of human genetic material do? Regulatory sequences are emerging as an important part of the non-gene majority of human genetic material, once thought of as "junk DNA." A new frontier in gene...

ANU scientists crack DNA replication mystery

...puzzle. The ANU team finally solved the important question of how TUS stops the replisome in this directional manner. "When the replisome comes along from one direction, separation of the two DNA strands simply knocks the TUS off as you'd expect. But when it comes from the other direction, the strand separat...

New human retrovirus originated in mice

...duced to grow in human cells in culture, the major question is whether such infection could ever happen in nature. "So, one of the things that is important about our study from a virologic point of view, is that this is the first really solid example of an authentic xenotropic retroviral infection in a human...

Ritalin packs punch by elevating norepinephrine, suppressing nerve signal transmissions

...ringboard to other studies," Waterhouse said. "One question now is, how does the individual's perception of wh...'s action when we put it all together." One broad question that intrigues researchers is whether ADHD traces back to the same area of the brain as attention de...

Study finds how organs monitor themselves during early development

How are you? In biological terms this question could involve a feedback loop that lets the body check in on itself and then act on that information. Although feedback loops are essential and they abound in biology, they aren't well understood. Feedback loops enable an organ such as the liver to d...

Production of key Alzheimer's protein monitored for first time in humans

...now poised to answer an important and longstanding question about the origins of Alzheimer's disease: Do Alzheimer's patients have high levels of a brain protein because they make too much of it or because they can't clear it from their brains quickly enough? Researchers from the Alzheimer's Disease Researc...

How plants avoid feeling the burn

...cipate in this process of photoprotection, but the question has been, how does this work?" said Iris Visoly-Fisher, a postdoctoral research associate in the Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University. Carotenoids act as 'wires' to carry away the extra sunlight energy in the form of unwanted electrons,...

Viagra improves high altitude exercise performance up to 45% for some

...me who will benefit from treatment. In addition, a question still outstanding is whether non-responders would benefit from sildenafil at a higher elevation. ...

MIT sheds light on how tumor cells form

...e aneuploid tumors," Draviam said. That lingering question prompted Draviam and her colleagues to study how two other key molecules - a known tumor suppressor protein called APC and its partner protein EB1 - work together to assure that cells divide normally. They discovered that if they removed either pro...

Johns hopkins researchers find link between cell's energy use and genome health

...chemical made by it is found in both places. The question remained as to why the enzyme Asc2p and its chemical product, known as acetyl-CoA, are found near chromosomes. Chromosomes contain both DNA, which contains genes, and proteins around which the DNA is wrapped for storage and support. In addition...

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