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Twin molecular scissors link creation of microRNAs with gene-silencing

...omplex," Shiekhattar explains. Another scientific question surrounding RISC was also resolved by the current study. Some investigators had theorized that the activity of RISC required ATP for energy. ATP, or adenosine triphosphate, is a molecule used to store and release energy for tasks throughout the body....

Should doctors tell patients about expensive, unfunded drugs?

...xpensive treatments, they write. This is an urgent question of distributing limited resources fairly that faces not just new drugs, but many forms of modern technological care. "The gap between what we can do and what we can afford will continue to grow, at a personal and community level." The issue of acce...

The secret love life of plants

...f two. The researchers have now been exploring the question if whether, under these conditions, fertilisation is possible at all. It turned out that the mutated pollen can survive and even grow into a female partner. Once it has arrived there, the single sperm cell of the cdc2 pollen merges only with the egg ...

'Good' bacteria could save patients from infection infection by deadlier ones

...a are still basically found only in hospitals. The question Spigelman asks is why? Spigelman, who is also a visiting professor at University College London, argues in an article appearing in the current online edition of the Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England that the stress on antibiotics an...

Targeted drug delivery achieved with nanoparticle-aptamer bioconjugates

...cle uptake into target cells. The nanoparticles in question were designed for attachment to aptamers so that the binding properties of aptamers for targeting could be preserved. Additional design criteria consisted of the development of nanoparticles that demonstrated a long circulating half-life (meaning tha...

Researchers use 'trickery' to create immune response against melanoma

...cle uptake into target cells. The nanoparticles in question were designed for attachment to aptamers so that the binding properties of aptamers for targeting could be preserved. Additional design criteria consisted of the development of nanoparticles that demonstrated a long circulating half-life (meaning tha...

New maps reveal true extent of human footprint on Earth

...y, an assistant scientist at SAGE, says, "the real question is: how can we continue to produce food from the land while preventing negative environmental consequences such as deforestation, water pollution and soil erosion?" To better understand that crucial trade-off, Ramankutty and other SAGE researchers a...

Alleged 40,000-year-old human footprints in Mexico much, much older than thought

...y fell while they were still hot, which raises the question of the validity of the footprints. If they were hot, why would anybody be walking on them?" The British researchers, funded by the United Kingdom's Natural Environment Research Council, have promoted their hypothesis widely, most prominently at a Ju...

UCSD study finds anthrax toxins also harmful to fruit flies

...common to flies and humans. "We asked the simple question of whether anthrax toxins affecting mammals could act on the fly counterparts of proteins affected in humans, and the answer is yes," said Ethan Bier, a professor of biology at UCSD who was the senior author of the study. "What this means is that sim...

Hot-spring bacteria flip a metabolic switch

...y live at the cooler edges of the mat, raising the question of whether N2 fixation was critical for organisms in the hotter regions of the mat. Because heat tolerant, single-celled cyanobacteria like Synechococcus specialize in photosynthesis, many researchers had dismissed them as candidates for N2 fixation....

Contagious obesity? Identifying the human adenoviruses that may make us fat

...in the worldwide epidemic of obesity is a critical question that demands additional research." Ad-37 third virus implicated in animal obesity The theory that viruses could play a part in obesity began a few decades ago when Nikhil Dhurandhar, now at Pennington Biomedical Research Center at LSU, noticed th...

Predators keep the world green, ecologists find

...ntinued to decline quite radically. And there's no question that the vegetation on these islands is just in a state of collapse." A drought that began in 2001 and reached extreme levels in 2003 has now ended the study, Terborgh reported. "By 2003, the lake level had dropped 26 meters," he said. "By then, I ...

You will remember this

...brain's electrical activity differed after the cue question and before the word was presented and this was linked to whether the subject would remember or forget the word in a later unexpected memory test. If the electrical activity maintained a high level over frontal parts of the scalp just before the word...

Embryos tell story of Earth's earliest animals

...served animal embryos," Raff said. "Hopefully, the question about whether this can happen can be put to rest." What distinguishes animals from other organisms is the ability to ingest other organisms, either by consuming them as food, as humans do, or by digesting food externally and sucking up the aftermat...

Patterns in genome organization may partially explain how microbial cells work

...inia. He said the surprising organization begs the question of what it means. The sequence order of bacterial genomes most likely affects the way in which the DNA is compressed, often more than 1,000-fold, to fit within the confines of the cell. "In some cases, it might suggest that a genome is arranged into ...

Wisconsin scientists discover a master key to microbes' pathogenic lifestyles

... authority on fungal diseases. "The million dollar question is was what controls this change? " Klein and colleagues Julie C. Nemecek and Marcel Wuthrich identified a molecular sensor that is conserved in these six related dimorphic fungi found worldwide. The sensor, says Klein, is like an antenna situated i...

K-State researchers study gene regulation in insects

...bryonic development in the fruit fly. She said one question that many scientists have been asking since is do other insects have those same genes? If they do, what role do these genes play to give insects such different ways of making segments? Researchers first identified the genes associated with segmentat...

Scaled-down genome may power up E. coli's ability in lab, industry

...bryonic development in the fruit fly. She said one question that many scientists have been asking since is do other insects have those same genes? If they do, what role do these genes play to give insects such different ways of making segments? Researchers first identified the genes associated with segmentat...

UF scientists reveal ancient origin of vertebrate skeleton

...ssociate chairman of UF's zoology department. "Our question was whether the earliest vertebrates used a collagen recipe or a non-collagen recipe to form their skeletons, and by examining the lamprey, we found a shared recipe. Because of the lamprey, we know it is much more ancient genetic pathway that activat...

Learning to love bacteria: Stanford scientist highlights bugs' benefits

... to their graves." It's not that the organisms in question - such as the bacteria that cause pneumonia or meningitis - are innocuous, he said. It's just that most of the individuals do not get disease from being infected. The best recent example of this, said Falkow, is H. pylori. First identified only 25 y...

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