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Breast-Cancer Risk Linked to Exposure to Traffic Emissions at Menarche, First Birth

...urces provided data on traffic volumes on roads in question for the years from 1960 to 2002 and tail-pipe emissions, including measurements from tunnels and tests on individual vehicles. A geographic model was used to reconstruct historic traffic PAHs, using measurements of benzo[a]pyrene, a known potent muta...

Protein offers way to stop microscopic parasites in their tracks

...nterest for Sibley and his colleagues has been the question of how Toxoplasma and other apicomplexan parasites move themselves around, given their lack of appendages or hairlike structures known as cilia or flagella. Researchers had determined that Toxoplasma has a rotating protein-based conveyor belt on its ...

How the environment could be damaging men's reproductive health

...ns, possibly interacting with genetic factors, the question arises as to whether adverse changes in the environmental factors affecting male reproductive health have taken place in Lithuania in the last 20 years. "We need to look more closely at the role of environmental factors, including those that can dis...

Hirsute Or Hairless? Two Proteins May Spell The Difference

...merge from single sheets of cells is a fundamental question in developmental biology. The dispensability of hair follicles makes them the perfect model system for studying this question—specifically, how structures and organs develop from buds. In a new study, Elaine Fuchs and colleagues use a three-pronged a...

Controlling protein diversity

...ay's issue of the journal Molecular Cell. "A major question in biology today is how human cells with 30,000 ge...ng out part of the gene changes the protein. "The question is, 'How is this controlled?'" said O'Malley. He and his colleagues have shown in previous studies ...

Stem Cell Research Shows Potential for Replacing Tissue Damaged in Heart Attacks

...ed adult myocardium in non-human models. This last question is being answered in collaboration with John Auchampach, Ph.D., associate professor of pharmacology & toxicology, and Tim Nelson, Ph.D., a senior medical student. Their findings were reported in the June 2004 edition of Circulation Research, a j...

Low level of extinction during ice age linked to adaptability

...y as far north as Buenos Aires. Powell tackled the question of why extinction rates were so low during that great ice age by closely examining geographic patterns of evolution and extinction in brachiopods, simple shelled sea creatures that were abundant and well-fossilized during the Paleozoic. He constructe...

50-year-old Mystery Solved: Protein Tags Regulate Key Ion Channel

... 8 April 2005 issue of the journal Cell, answers a question dating back to the 1950s: How do cells control the background movement of potassium ions across the cell membrane? This process is important because the flow of potassium ions determines whether "excitable" cells in the brain, heart and skeletal musc...

Birds brains reveal source of songs

...otor abilities, such as Parkinson's disease. "The question we're trying to answer is how a young bird learns ... had followed up on that question. "We framed the question in a different way," Fee says of his research with postdoctoral fellow Bence P. Ölveczky and graduat...

Love's all in the brain: fMRI study shows strong, lateralized reward, not sex, drive

...lso noted that the research answered the "historic question of whether love and sex are the same, or different, or whether romantic passion is just warmed over sexual arousal." He said, "Our findings show that the brain areas activated when someone looks at a photo of their beloved only partially overlap with...

Defenseless plants arm themselves with metals

...se visible traits, and then we work backwards." A question that has long stymied Salt and his colleagues cent...opulation," he said. "This whole system raises the question of evolution. "But let's say, by some obscure chance, those plants were growing on soils with eleva...

Technique may allow cancer patients to freeze eggs, preserving fertility before starting treatment

...limit its applications for some women. Researchers question if it is appropriate for women with cancers fueled by estrogen, such as breast cancer. In addition, the hormone treatments require delaying the start of cancer therapy, which may not be an option for every patient. Guidelines for patients and physic...

UNC launches study of liver injury caused by drugs

...njury but who have taken any of the medications in question also will be enrolled for comparison. In addition to enrolling patients as they are brought to medical attention, DILIN is establishing a registry of patients who at any time since 1994 developed severe liver injury due to one of four specific drugs...

Cooperation is key—a new way of looking at MicroRNA and how it controls gene expression

...he last few years into exactly how this works, the question had not been answered. "So far, it has not really...undreds of different microRNA in mammals. The big question was, what are they doing? About a dozen years ago a few studies came out that showed that microRNA c...

Conserved amino acids play both structural and mechanistic roles in sandwich-like protein

The question of whether amino acids in sandwich-like proteins are there to stabilize the structure or to speed up the protein-folding process is best answered by "all of the above," according to researchers at Rice University in Houston. This discovery, reported...

Unchecked DNA replication drives earliest steps toward cancer

...earchers at The Wistar Institute answer this vital question and suggest why mutations in a certain few genes, such as the p53 tumor suppressor gene, are found in so many different cancers. Mutations in p53 are found in the majority of human cancers, for example. The Wistar team's primary observation is that a...

Science study holds implications for gene therapy and stem cell biology

...ated that worked in concert to cause disease. The question left: What happens if only one of these genes is activated in a stem cell? This question is addressed in the newly published Science study. Researchers found that they could use the random ...

How A Latent Virus Eludes Immune Defenses

...nett, Janet May, and Philip Stevenson explore this question by studying virus–host interactions in mice infected with the murine gamma-herpesvirus-68 (MHV-68). Though MHV-68 infects mice, it behaves similarly to EBV and KSHV infections in humans, producing an acute mononucleosis-like illness and a pervasive p...

Touching Molecules With Your Bare Hands

...nett, Janet May, and Philip Stevenson explore this question by studying virus–host interactions in mice infected with the murine gamma-herpesvirus-68 (MHV-68). Though MHV-68 infects mice, it behaves similarly to EBV and KSHV infections in humans, producing an acute mononucleosis-like illness and a pervasive p...

U. Iowa researchers improve Huntington's disease symptoms in mice

...ts, allowing the researchers to ask a very pointed question ?can RNAi improve HD-like symptoms in a mouse mode...h the mutant and the normal gene. So, an important question that still needs to be addressed is whether adult neurons can tolerate and benefit from a partial re...

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