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Tag: "proteins" at biology news

Bisexual fruit flies show new role for neurochemical

...pport" cells fill the brain. The team discovered proteins in fruit fly glia cells that regulate the amount o... ambient extracellular glutamate and xCT transport proteins play important, unsuspected roles in brain function," Featherstone said. "We think we'll be able to ...

A genetic 'gang of 4' drives spread of breast cancer

...ors in mice by simultaneously targeting two of the proteins produced by these genes, using drugs already on th...n four of these genes. These genes, which code for proteins called epiregulin, COX2, and matrix metalloproteinases 1 and 2, were already known to help regulate ...

Chlamydia vaccine a step closer to reality

...team of researchers had already identified certain proteins that were able to protect against Chlamydia infection. "We've been testing these proteins as part of animal trials...and we think we've got the answer. It is possible that within three to fi...

Renegade RNA -- Clues to cancer and normal growth

...ands of RNA that carry instructions for making the proteins that do all the cell's work. They are, says Joshua Mendell, M.D., Ph.D., an assistant professor in the McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine at Hopkins, like "molecular rheostats that fine-tune how much protein is being made from each gene."...

Analysis of rhesus monkey genome uncovers genetic differences with humans, chimps

...olved in hair formation, immune response, membrane proteins and sperm-egg fusion. Many of these genes are located in areas of the primate genome that have been subject to duplication, indicating that having an extra copy of a gene may enable it to evolve more rapidly and that small duplications are a key feat...

Cancer-killing invention also harvests stem cells

...ered that bone marrow stem cells stick to adhesive proteins called selectins more strongly than other cells --...r-killing device. Cancer cells have five types of proteins that recognize and bind to TRAIL, but only two trigger cell death. The other three are called decoy...

Bacteria control how infectious they become, study finds

...turning on, or activating, genes ?is controlled by proteins called transcription factors. Every type of bacter...pecial X-ray techniques to study and describe RfaH proteins that they had extracted from E. coli. They found that while about two-thirds of RfaH's structure clo...

Secret of worm's poison pill box protein could produce new natural insecticide

...s the protein to act as a receptacle for two other proteins (in the case of XptA1 these are XptB1 and XptC1)....elf. As well as helping collect together the three proteins and attach them to the insect’s gut the researchers think that the box shape of the XptA1 protein po...

Liver regeneration may be simpler than previously thought

...ther organs in a developing embryo. Many of the proteins that induce organ regeneration have been identifie...Karp and his colleagues set out to determine which proteins are involved in the regenerating cells. The scientists were also interested in testing whether regen...

New protein inhibitor impedes growth of cancerous cells

...under the control of just a few key kinases, these proteins represent potentially important targets for new cancer therapeutics, but few if any effective inhibitors have been identified as acting specifically and effectively against one particular cell-division kinase, known as Plk1. In the new work, Steeg...

Technology reveals 'lock and key' proteins behind diseases

...iversity researchers designed a device to test for proteins that play an important role in human health and di...ne yeast-two hybrid system), scans cells to detect proteins that interact with key proteins called ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters ?proteins that, when ...

Angelman syndrome deficits rescued in mice

...fically, the protein encoded by UBE3A "tags" other proteins for degradation by the cellular "garbage disposal," the proteasome. "The most difficult thing to rationalize was that this housekeeping gene ?which nobody thought did anything ?caused severe mental retardation," said Weeber, an assistant professor...

Mechanisms involved with tumor relapse identified

...dentified interferon gamma as one of the signaling proteins involved with tumor relapse. The findings may help researchers develop tailored vaccines and other immunotherapeutic strategies to fight a number of cancers. Immunotherapy involves the manipulation of the immune system ?by introducing an antibody or...

ATR checkpoint-activating DNA structure

...s the ATR-mediated checkpoint response. While many proteins involved in the DNA damage response have been uncovered, this type of structural information is quite novel and valuable. The elucidation of the first defined DNA structure capable of eliciting the ATR checkpoint will aid researchers to further ident...

Tumor-suppressor gene is critical for placenta development

...t does this ?the molecule interacts with 110 other proteins ?remains unknown. In 2003, Leone and a group of... "This showed that the interaction of these two proteins is definitely important," Leone says. "It strongly suggests that E2f3 is a key player in mediating R...

Infection detectives use disease 'fingerprints' to track common infections in children

...he activation of very specific genes that code for proteins called receptors in leukocytes, the white blood cells th at help the body fight infections. Researchers surmised that if they looked at the leukocytes, they could detect the specific pattern of receptors ?similar to a disease "fingerprint" ?and be ab...

Scientists use nanoparticle to discover disease-causing proteins

... identification tag that was delivered to specific proteins in living venom cells from a rattlesnake. The scie...ertain the presence, concentration and function of proteins involved in disease processes. They also hope the new method will facilitate better, more efficient ...

Researchers discover gene crucial for nerve cell insulation

...m. The overproduction or underproduction of the proteins PMP22 and MPZ account for the majority of inherited peripheral neuropathies, Dr. Svaren said. Ultimately, the sequence of activating genes "switches on" the Schwann cell, which wraps the nerve axon, the arm-like projection that conveys nerve impul...

Wheat can fatally starve insect predators

A newly identified wheat gene produces proteins that appear to attack the stomach lining of a crop-destroying fly larvae so that the bugs starve to death. The gene's role in creating resistance to Hessian flies was a surprise to U.S. Department of Agriculture and Purdue University researchers, d...

Darwin's famous finches and Venter's marine microbes

... exhaustive analysis predicted more than 6 million proteins in the GOS data ?nearly twice the number of all proteins ever described before ?and laid the groundwork for further studies. Manning, a co-author on Yoose...

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