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Tag: "proteins" at biology news

Physicist cracks women's random but always lucky choice of X chromosome

...is suicide gene can be itself blocked by a plug of proteins forming on top of its specific location on the chromosome but they had little idea as to why this should happen randomly to one X chromosome’s gene and not the other. Scientists are extremely uncomfortable with this randomness and have sought a cl...

Researchers reveal structure of protein altered in autism

...ti and colleagues studied the neuroligin family of proteins that are encoded by genes known to be mutated in c...e two partners are members of distinct families of proteins involved in synaptic adhesions, imparting ‘stickiness’ that enables them to associate so that synaps...

Microbes at work cleaning up the environment

...found that bacteria from an abandoned mine excrete proteins that cause metal nanoparticles to aggregate. The b...xpected because it involves the bacteria excreting proteins for nanoparticle aggregation away from the cells,” said Peter Weber, one of the LLNL authors of the ...

New findings challenge established views on human genome

...ic signatures of change in histones, which are the proteins that organize DNA, and correlation of these signatures with different genomic functions. Deeper understanding of how DNA replication is coordinated by modifications in histones. “Teamwork was essential to the success of this effort. No sing...

Penn researchers link cell's protein recycling systems

...eurological diseases are associated with defective proteins accumulating in nerve cells, suggesting that the c...en the cell’s two major pathways for breaking down proteins and have succeeded in using this link to rescue neurodegenerative diseases in a simple animal model....

Bacteria ferry nanoparticles into cells for early diagnosis, treatment

...Only when it is in the nucleus can the DNA produce proteins that perform specific functions and correct geneti...a with nanoparticles made the intended therapeutic proteins and emitted a light similar to a firefly's glow," Akin said. Certain bacteria are naturally progr...

Herpes virus hijacks DNA repair process

...otein into cells led to activation of two cellular proteins involved in the damage response, ATM and H2AX. ...o dramatically decreased. Kinases are versatile proteins that sometimes play multiple roles. To ensure that enhanced viral replication wasn't linked to orf36...

Exploring the dark matter of the genome

...ncluding 13 single-copy genes that do not code for proteins but for small RNA structures called noncoding RNAs...of traits and genetic information as controlled by proteins associated with the chromosomes, rather than by DNA sequence. Starting in the 1920s, epigenetics was...

In nature, proteins sweep up nanoparticles

...ab) have discovered a world in which bacteria emit proteins that sweep up metal nanoparticles into immobile cl...007 issue of the journal Science, reveals that the proteins travel far from the microbes that produce them, and then amass metal nanoparticles into piles that a...

Mutating the entire genome

...ich carry the code needed for cells to produce the proteins used to make body parts and carry out most functions in living organisms. Genes typically have 50,000 base pairs but can range in size from a few thousand to 300,000 base pairs, Capecchi says. The genes include only about 2.5 percent to 3 percent...

Weizmann Institute scientists develop a general 'control switch' for protein activity

... not maintain their existence without thousands of proteins performing myriad vital tasks within cells. Since malfunctioning proteins can cause disease, the study of protein structure and function can lead to the development of drugs ...

Surprising origin of cell's internal highways

...f pancake-shaped compartments that sorts and ships proteins out to their cellular destinations -- is the sourc...eir rapid assembly and disassembly helps transport proteins throughout the cell and generate polarized (directional) signal distribution that causes cells to mo...

Helping chlorine-eating bacteria clean up toxic waste

... then observing which genes are expressed and what proteins are manufactured. The data will go to GNS, which w...try to build computer models of how the bacteria's proteins work together under each condition and whether the pathway for each condition is the same for PCE an...

New vaccine prevents CMV infection and disease in mice

...mune system in two ways – by hiding or masking the proteins that would normally provoke an immune response, or by fooling the immune system into mounting a response that doesn’t work to eradicate the virus. “We needed a way to make the host defense system sit up and take notice,” said Christopher S. More...

St. Jude study shows genes play an unexpected role in their own activation

...ific gene. The team also found evidence that other proteins can act as back-up co-factors for CBP/p300. “This more complex view of how CREB works may help us understand how this single transcription factor can stimulate many different genes, depending on which tissues are using it and which signaling molec...

How plague-causing bacteria disarm host defense

Effector proteins are the bad guys that help bacterial pathogens do ...sticated invasion system that injects the effector proteins directly into the host cell's cytoplasm. "More than a decade after its discovery, our understandi...

Adult stem cells from human cord umbilical cord blood successfully engineered to make insulin

...which allows the body to utilize sugar, synthesize proteins and store neutral fats, or lipids. "But we’re a long way from that," Denner warned. Denner said this research, which reflects a fruitful collaboration with co-authors Drs. Colin McGuckin and Nico Forraz at the University of Newcastle Upon Tyne in...

Genome of Clostridium botulinum reveals the background to world's deadliest toxin

...peppered with genes that produce enzymes to digest proteins and other animal material in the soil. Also found, uniquely in this species, is a range of genes that allow it to attack the many insect and other small creatures that live in the soil. The ‘chitinases’ produced by these genes can degrade the casing ...

First confirmed common genetic risk factors for breast cancer

...iation study report that these five genes code for proteins crucial to biological activities that previously h...reast cancer. The genes carry the DNA recipes for proteins important to the growth and duplication of body cells and the signalling, or communications, that mu...

Cytomegalovirus exacerbates atherosclerosis through an autoimmune mechanism

...une origin: antibodies directed against particular proteins of the virus are able to bind molecules expressed ...tosis but also of many other genes that encode for proteins involved in different aspects of the atherosclerotic process (lipid metabolism, inflammation, adhesi...

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