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Tag: "protein" at biology news

Common gene version optimizes thinking -- but with a possible downside

...eengard's team that ultimately linked this pivotal protein to depression and substance abuse as well as to schizophrenia," added NIMH Director Thomas Insel, M.D. To understand DARPP-32's role in the human brain, the NIMH researchers used genetic, structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging, and ...

Researchers find gene mutation that causes infertility in male mice

...The gene, called Dmc1, provides the code for a key protein involved in meiosis, the process that produces sperm and egg cells for reproduction. These sex cells contain only one set of chromosomes that combine during conception and create an embryonic cell with two chromosome sets, one from each parent. The...

Renegade RNA -- Clues to cancer and normal growth

... like "molecular rheostats that fine-tune how much protein is being made from each gene." That's why normally microRNAs always have appeared to stick close to the cell's protein-making machinery. But during a survey of more than 200 of the 500 known microRNAs found in human cells, Mendell's team disco...

Gene elevating breast cancer risk also causes prostate cancer

...lies. It was later showed that the relevant mutant protein is deficient in its ability to support the kinds of DNA damage responses in which PALB2 normally participates. The mutation was further also investigated in 1,918 specimens from an unselected series of Finnish breast cancer individuals. This study re...

Protein fragments sequenced in 68 million-year-old Tyrannosaurus rex

...ave captured and sequenced tiny pieces of collagen protein from a 68 million-year-old Tyrannosaurus rex. The protein fragments—seven in all—appear to most closely match amino acid sequences found in collagen of presen...

Link found between immune system and high plasma lipid levels

...e University of Chicago—suggest that an engineered protein could keep mice, and possibly humans, from develop...s blocked the LIGHT signaling, using an engineered protein (LTbR-Ig), lipid levels were lowered again. Two organs believed to regulate lipid levels are the ...

Bacteria control how infectious they become, study finds

...latter third that appears to be the portion of the protein responsible for controlling the genes that make E.... RfaH is usually inactive, because the part of the protein that is needed to activate gene expression is typically masked,?Svetlov said. It's only when RfaH...

In-shell vaccine for chick disease

... The scientists have extracted a so-called spike protein from a pathogenic virus strain which triggers an immune response, and incorporated it into a harmless non-pathogenic strain. Dr Paul Britton, Head of the Coronavirus Group at IAH Compton, explained, "This hybrid virus was able to induce immunity when...

Secret of worm's poison pill box protein could produce new natural insecticide

...at the University of Warwick have discovered how a protein from a bacterium acts like a cunningly designed ...our inside their intestine. The bacterium uses a protein (XptA1) a toxin which helps the nematode to kill and feed on the dead body of the insect. The tox...

New protein inhibitor impedes growth of cancerous cells

...ers have developed a small-molecule inhibitor of a protein that plays key roles in the control of cell division, and they show that the inhibitor can halt the growth of tumors in mice and cancer-derived cells growing in culture. The findings are reported in companion papers reported by two collaborating grou...

Technology reveals 'lock and key' proteins behind diseases

... disability and early death. Another important ABC protein is the Multidrug Resistance Protein (MRP), which n...uman proteins CFTR and MRP. These newly discovered protein interactors represent novel potential pharmaceutical targets. Through a series of biochemical and ge...

Molecular differences between early and advanced melanomas could provide new drug targets

...ed nearly eight times as much of the growth factor protein VEGF. VEGF is known to be a powerful stimulator of angiogenesis Ð the growth of microscopic blood vessels that nourish cancerous tumors and lead to unregulated cell growth. When melanoma cells overexpressing Akt were introduced into immunocompromis...

New mechanism for nutrient uptake discovered

...uthor Dominique Loqué. "Some are through pore-like protein structures called transporters, which reside at th...t the end portion, or so-called C-terminus, of the protein Arabidopsis ammonium transporter AtAMT1;1, located at the surface of the cell membrane, acts as a sw...

Microbes start immune response by sneaking inside cells

...hen invading bacteria enter immune system cells, a protein called cryopyrin, present in the fluid inside the ...activating TLRs. The researchers discovered that a protein called pannexin-1 creates the pore, like a devious undersea diver drilling a hole in a ship hull. ...

Angelman syndrome deficits rescued in mice

...deficits seen in these children. Specifically, the protein encoded by UBE3A "tags" other proteins for degrada...s in an enzyme called calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), which is important in the cellular processes that underlie learning and memory. ...

Scientists discover how body fights to control spread of cancer

... causing secondary tumours, is attacked by a small protein that exists in the blood. In diseases such as b...sing further disease by the protective shield of a protein called MUC1 in which the cancerous cells are eventually destroyed by our immune system. Scientists ...

Shedding new light on proteorhodopsin

... been shed on proteorhodopsin, the light-sensitive protein found in many marine bacteria. Researchers at the U.S. Department of Energy's Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) and the University of California at Berkeley have demonstrated that when the ability to respire oxygen is impaired, ba...

Antibody therapy prevents type 1 diabetes in mice

... diabetic (NOD) mice with an antibody -- a type of protein produced by the immune system that recognizes and helps fight infections and other foreign substances in the body -- directed against a receptor known as CD137 on the surface of a type of immune cell called T-cells. Treating NOD mice with the anti-CD...

Mechanisms involved with tumor relapse identified

...ed. This vaccine formulation combines a heat shock protein 110 (HSP110), as an adjuvant, with a tumor antigen HER-2/neu, as a protein target expressed in breast tumors. Adjuvants are agents that are able to modify another agent ?basic...

Indicators for risk of heart disease are higher in passive smokers

... levels of fibrinogen, homocysteine and C-reactive protein ?all markers of cardiovascular disease. Researchers examined data from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III, 1988?4), which included 7,599 adults who had never smoked. Sixty-eight percent of the participants were ...

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