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Tag: "protein" at biology news

Physicist cracks women's random but always lucky choice of X chromosome

...ps of protein. Inevitably one of these two nascent protein plugs narrowly wins that race and reaches an energ...e material building up in both plugs into a single protein plug. That single plug then closes off one of the XIST suicide genes allowing its host X chromosome ...

Researchers reveal structure of protein altered in autism

As a result of mapping the structure of the protein complex implicated in autism spectrum disorders, a...n of acetylcholinesterase – a structurally related protein that mediates neurotransmission between nerves and between nerve and muscle – for the past 30 years....

Progress toward an antitumor vaccine

...a molecule that is typical for tumors to a carrier protein without irritating the immune system. As they repo...ey are glycoproteins—macromolecules with a central protein chain and long side chains made of polysaccharides. The modified MUC1 would be a good target molecul...

Microbes at work cleaning up the environment

It may sound counterintuitive to use a microbial protein to improve water quality. But some bacteria are d...roscopy, the scientists were able to study whether protein contributes to the formation of densely aggregated nanoparticulate zinc sulfide spheroids. They a...

Bacteria ferry nanoparticles into cells for early diagnosis, treatment

... cells, causing the cells to produce a fluorescent protein that glowed green. The same method could be used to deliver drugs, genes or other cargo into cells. "The released cargo is designed to be transported to different locations in the cells to carry out disease detection and treatment simultaneously,"...

Herpes virus hijacks DNA repair process

...rsity School of Medicine in St. Louis identified a protein that can trick the mouse cell into turning on the ...tdoctoral fellow. "However, by targeting the viral protein responsible for activating the DNA damage response, we may be able to block viral replication. In ad...

Exploring the dark matter of the genome

...d for sequences similar to ones already known from protein databases." These standard approaches to finding genes, Smith says, are relatively easy to perform in euchromatin but harder in heterochromatin, "because it is so rich in repeats." Smith and his colleagues found evidence for 230 to 254 protein-co...

In nature, proteins sweep up nanoparticles

...physiological reason. Perhaps the bacteria use the protein to sequester their sulfide waste product, which could otherwise accumulate and entomb the bacteria or interfere with their cellular machinery. Think of it as trash pickup at the nanoscale. Regardless, the process stops the spread of metal nanoparticl...

Mutating the entire genome

...the same chromosome and also has the Cre gene. The protein made by Cre acts like a knife, cutting the DNA wherever loxP is found. The offspring mouse, in turn, is bred with a normal mouse. In a “remarkably high” average of 10 percent of the offspring, the desired large stretch of DNA is either deleted or...

Blood-brain barrier breached by new therapeutic strategy

... Institutes of Health, have now shown that a short protein (peptide) from the rabies virus can carry a strip of therapeutic material into the brain via intravenous administration. Once delivered to the nerve cells of the brain, the strip, called a small interfering RNA (siRNA), was shown to protect mice from...

Weizmann Institute scientists develop a general 'control switch' for protein activity

...nctioning proteins can cause disease, the study of protein structure and function can lead to the development...which affects the activity level of the engineered protein by increasing or reducing it. When the drug is no longer applied, or when it is removed from the sys...

Researchers discover 'acquired' DNA key to certain bacterial infection

...scover that one of the genes provides coding for a protein that targets action in the host cell, which may help the bacterium survive in the macrophage. Bermudez said the researchers learned the genetic “island” was acquired from another bacterium because of its unique nucleotide structure, which differs ...

Human genetic 'deserts' are teeming with significant life

...tzerland. “We found that the vast majority of the protein coding genes we studied utilised often in a tissue-specific manner previously unknown set of exons [the regions of DNA within a gene that are transcribed to messenger RNA] outside the current boundaries of the annotated genes ”, Professor Reymond wi...

Researchers identify protein pathway involved in Parkinson disease development

...The Emory researchers found that the mitochondrial protein PINK1 normally protects cells from oxidative stres...omotes cell survival by regulating function of the protein TRAP1. When PINK1 is mutated, however, the protective TRAP1 pathway is disrupted, leading to mitocho...

Ancient retrovirus sheds light on modern pandemic

...viral defense gene called TRIM5a, which produces a protein that binds to and destroys the virus before it can...ry, the researchers found that the human antiviral protein TRIM5a effectively neutralizes this extinct retrovirus, which never successfully fixed into the huma...

St. Jude study shows genes play an unexpected role in their own activation

...cose production in the liver. The “on switch,” a protein called CREB, is a transcription factor—a molecule ...a gene and triggers that gene to make the specific protein for which it codes. CREB activates genes in response to a molecule called cAMP, which acts as a mess...

Understanding why C. difficile causes disease -- it's hungry

...es that cause disease and a third gene codes for a protein that makes a hole in the organism’s cell envelope ...of the first three genes and the other codes for a protein called C that prevents R from acting. A mutation in the C protein gene, leaving R unchecked, is...

How plague-causing bacteria disarm host defense

...dentified a novel molecular target for an effector protein called YpkA, one of several effectors of the bacte...25 issue of Molecular Cell. YpkA targets a host protein called Gaq, the messenger that transmits extracellular signals ("we are under attack!") into the hos...

For many insects, winter survival is in the genes

...rvival, suggesting that this particular heat-shock protein is a major contributor to cold tolerance in insect...not simply redundancy in the system, but that each protein makes a unique contribution somehow," Denlinger said. "This protective mechanism is much more comple...

Hawaiian treasure, macadamia nuts good for the heart

...ed the macadamia nuts for other sources of fat and protein in the diet. For example, we could switch skim milk for 2 percent milk and add some macadamia nuts." Macadamia nuts are native to Australia, but were imported to Hawaii and thrived. The first commercials crop of Hawaiian macadamia nuts was harvest...

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