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Tag: "protective" at biology news

Scientists directly view immune cells interacting to avert autoimmunity

...tanding the interplay between pathogenic cells and protective cells, we hope to be able to refine the therapy to...teract with dendritic cells. The mechanism of this protective effect remains a major immunology puzzle. The new study suggests that regulation may occur through d...

MicroRNA may have fail-safe role in limb development

...rstand whether bits of RNA called microRNAs act as protective mechanisms in healthy development not just by stra...hat is happening, but they think miR 196 acts as a protective mechanism in the hindlimbs in the event normal gene transcription goes awry. "A large body of evide...

Antibacterial coatings cut infection rates

... protects them from antibiotics. Sitting under the protective biofilm, the bacteria multiply and grow, and that's what causes infection," Professor Griesser said. Professor Griesser likens this process, called quorum sensing, to the example of soccer hooligans who on their own are quite ineffective but when t...

Human trial proves ricin vaccine safe, induces neutralizing antibodies; further tests planned

...genetically engineered it to be safe and to induce protective immunity in humans." Dr. Vitetta's work with rici...ing up an aerosol challenge model to determine the protective benefits of the vaccine." Dr. Vitetta noted that, in humans, exposure by aerosol or food may requir...

Infant transplant patients resist infections that kill adult AIDS patients

Investigators have discovered that some type of protective system goes into action in some cases when a baby's immune system is deficient. This discovery indicates a hidden safety net that might have far-reaching consequences for treating diseases of the immune system such as AIDS. The Mayo Clinic-led study ...

Pair of studies offer new clues to combat antibiotic resistance

...s, both of which target chemical components in the protective membrane surrounding bacterial cells, will appear ...ain of E. coli so that it lacks its normal outer protective layer of lipopolysaccharides, complex structures that help them defend against antibiotic attack. Re...

H5N1 avian flu virus vaccine induces immune responses in healthy adults

...r Anthony S. Fauci, M.D. "For example, potentially protective immune responses were seen most frequently at the highest dose of this vaccine. We are investigating other options that may allow us to reduce the dosage--for example, adding an immune booster, or adjuvant, to the vaccine--so we can achieve a more pr...

Pitt professor's theory of evolution gets boost from cell research

...ress pushes cells beyond their capacity to produce protective proteins, and then mutation can occur. This revelation has enormous implications for the notion that organisms routinely change to adapt to the environment. Actually, Schwartz argues, it is the environment that knocks them off their equilibrium and ...

Alcoholism, smoking and genetics among Plains American Indians

... found that in American Indians the Met allele was protective against alcoholism, and the Val allele was the risk allele. "The answer to this paradox may lie in the relationship between anxiety and drinking patterns," she said. "In societies where regular, daily drinking is the norm, such as in Europe, anxi...

Common bacteria pirate natural mechanism to get inside cells

...increase nitric oxide levels to make this normally protective system work for them as well. Identifying this role of nitric oxide provides a new target for finding better methods to prevent infections, Dr. Daaka says. "In the case of bacteria, hiding inside the cells is dependent on dynamin. What we could do i...

UCLA scientists find male gene in brain area targeted by Parkinson's

...o is at risk for the disease. "SRY may serve as a protective agent against Parkinson's," he said. "Men who contract the disease may have lower levels of the gene in the brain." Because SRY is found only in males, Vilain thinks women must possess another physiological mechanism that protects dopamine-producing...

Boosting newborns' immune responses

...production of adenosine and IL-6, which may have a protective effect on the pregnancy. In 1999, Levy discovered that newborns are deficient in a natural antibiotic called bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI), produced by white blood cells known as neutrophils. Based on this discovery, clinical...

Antioxidant selenium offers no heart-disease protection

...on observational studies have turned out not to be protective in randomized clinical trials, and selenium now has joined this group. The main findings of this report focus on the 1,004 participants in the study, conducted from 1983-96, who were free of cardiovascular disease when they were recruited. Partici...

Driver of anthrax toxicity could lead to late-stage therapy

...plexes formed by interaction of a carrier protein, protective antigen, with lethal and edema factors responsible for the toxic effects and swelling that impairs the host's immune response. In the current study, the researchers inactivated genes randomly in human cells. They then examined the mutated cells for...

Mice studies illustrate potential of chimp/human antibodies to protect against smallpox

...lose weight. Since there was no difference in the protective abilities between the two hybrid antibodies, the researchers used 8AH8AL to determine the minimum effective dose. Groups of mice were given decreasing doses--90, 45 and 22.5 micrograms per mouse--of 8AH8AL or a single 5-mg dose of human VIG (two and ...

First wolverine radio-collared in Pacific Northwest

...ecies and a Washington State Candidate Species for protective listing. Since the mid-1990s, biologists have documented the presence of wolverines in north-central Washington via aerial surveys, remote cameras, and winter tracking. "What we learn about wolverines from this effort will help us determine the spe...

Malaria parasites develop in lymph nodes

...the body that an invader is present and activate a protective immune response. On the other hand, their presence in the lymph nodes might desensitize the body to the parasites, blunting the immune system's response to liver and blood-cell infection. "We have to integrate all these new data into something tha...

Scientists design potent anthrax toxin inhibitor

... officer at NIAID. Anthrax toxin has three parts: protective antigen (PA), a protein that binds to a receptor on the target cell surface; and two enzymes that must be transported into the cell to cause damage. The enzymatic portions of the toxin enter the cell through a pore created for them by PA after it bin...

Potential vaccine developed for deadly leishmaniasis disease

...ens, which stimulate the immune system to deploy a protective shield against disease. "Right now there is a maj...owing that the candidate vaccine produces a strong protective action against leishmaniasis, Seeberger’s group is moving on to the next step toward a leishmaniasis...

Curry and cauliflower could halt prostate cancer

...ochemicals ?nonnutritive plant chemicals that have protective or disease-preventive properties. Consequently, scientists have been investigating intervention options based on compounds found in edible and medicinal plants. They have had some success, and a majority of patients with prostate cancer are now com...

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