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Tag: "proposed" at biology news

Nanotubes used for first time to send signals to nerve cells

...in semiconductor chips, carbon nanotubes have been proposed as the basis for everything from elevator cables that could lift payloads into Earth orbit to computers smaller than human cells. Thin films of carbon nanotubes deposited on transparent plastic can also serve as a surface on which cells can grow. A...

Mechanism for neurodenegerative diseases linked to transport proteins

... transport proteins. Brady said this is the first proposed mechanism for polyQ diseases that explains why only nerve cells die and why the terminals die before the cell body. The link to the activation of the JNK enzyme suggests a new therapeutic target that might limit, delay or perhaps prevent progressive ...

Drug dials down the energy within cells, UM researchers find

...nd the transmission of nerve signals. "People had proposed in the past that if you could inhibit this enzyme, there might be therapeutic potential. But the problem is, if you inhibit the enzyme in the way most powerful drugs do, turning it off, you deplete the cell of ATP, and that's fatal," Glick said. "Our...

Massive duplication of genes may solve Darwin's 'abominable mystery' about flowering plants

... with an international team of collaborators, have proposed an answer to Charles Darwin's "abominable mystery:" the inexplicably rapid evolution of flowering plants immediately after their first appearance some 140 million years ago. By developing new statistical methods to analyze incomplete DNA sequences f...

Stem cells found in adult skin can be transplanted and function in mouse models of disease

...lly do not regenerate. "Schwann cells have been proposed as a cell type for treatment of nerve injuries, demyelination disorders such as multiple sclerosis, and even spinal cord injury," said Dr. Freda Miller, the study's principal investigator, a senior scientist in Developmental Biology in the SickKids R...

One therapeutic dose of radiation causes 30 percent spongy bone loss in mice

... space, but that will change when they undertake a proposed 30-month trip to Mars, Bateman said. NASA has focused on radiation's cancer-causing properties and its ability to compromise the central nervous and immune systems. But the effect on bone health is an unexamined concern. The murine (mouse) model su...

Surprise finding for stretched DNA

...the overwinding, Bustamante and his coauthors have proposed a simple "toy" model in which the radius of the DNA double-helix is allowed to shrink as the molecule is stretched. The model consists of an elastic rod that is wrapped around its outer surface by a stiff wire, analogous to DNA's sugar-phosphate bac...

Polynesia explorers created worldwide web of scientific knowledge

...modernizing Polynesian cultures, as the scientists proposed to do, "sought to eradicate them." "The conflict between scientists and missionaries was a critical event in European intellectual history of the first half of the nineteenth century. Parties to both sides were convinced of the truth of their positi...

New light microscope sharpens scientists' focus

...ied. Combining these earlier studies, Betzig later proposed that molecular-level resolution might be achieved in cells by imaging just a few molecules at a time and identifying each one's center ?but no one yet knew how to separate out a cell's densely packed proteins to make that possible under physiologica...

New egg freezing technique offers hope to hundreds of women

... community, nowadays in our centre it is routinely proposed to patients as an alternative to disposing of any surplus oocytes. Surplus oocytes become available in 78.5% of IVF cycles." Her research into the potential of freeze-thawing eggs, using conventional methods of slow freezing and rapid thawing, revea...

Study finds that a woman's chances of having twins can be modified by diet

... of two embryos results in three infants -- and he proposed that adding more calcium or reducing the chelating agent ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) in the IVF incubation media might decrease the unwanted complication. ...

DOE JGI finishes 100th microbial genome

... The 100th microbial genome, a project originally proposed by Dr. Kevin Sowers of the Center of Marine Biotechnology at the University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute (UMBI), is Methanosarcina barkeri fusaro, a methane-producing organism that exploits a unique metabolic pathway to do the job. This microb...

Computational model simulates AZT metabolism in mitochondria

...the toxic side-effects. Our job is to model these proposed toxicity mechanisms to see which ones could actually lead to the mitochondrial defects found in AIDS patients." He added: "It is possible that no single mechanism is responsible for the toxicity, but that instead a combination of multiple effects is ...

Ancient global warming drove early primates' dispersal

...uzzled scientists, and several scenarios have been proposed to explain how the first true members of the group...ely different migration path from those previously proposed and indicates that sudden, rapid global warming drove the dispersal. Researchers from the Univers...

Attacking cancer's sweet tooth is effective strategy against tumors

...ine triphosphate (ATP). In the 1920s, Otto Warburg proposed that some cancer cells evolved the ability to switch over to an ancient, oxygen-free route, the glycolytic pathway. What is more, they continue to use this pathway even when access to oxygen is restored. Though the so-called Warburg effect has since...

Computer scientist sorts out confusable drug names

...A has been using for the past two years to analyze proposed drug names and rank them in terms of confusability...people scouring the lists of names to check if the proposed ones were too similar to any of them, and this wasn't a good use of resources, and it wasn't always ...

Plants used to detect gas leaks, from outer space!

...on dioxide leaking from underground stores used in proposed carbon capture and storage schemes. These stores are intended to help to prevent global warming: the argument is that if CO2 is sequestered indefinitely in underground reservoirs then it can't be acting to absorb heat in the earth's atmosphere. "Ou...

Chemical signaling helps regulate sensory map formation in the brain

...ist Roger Sperry (who won the Nobel Prize in 1981) proposed the "chemoaffinity hypothesis." Sperry suggested that chemical signals, probably present in concentration gradients, serve as positional landmarks within the brain. Theses landmarks are then recognized by growth cones at the tip of axons ?the project...

UCLA paper examines how one disease may prevent another

...d malaria. In 1948, British biologist J.B. Haldane proposed that malaria was an evolutionary force for selecti...owel disease and morbid obesity. Overall, Stiehm proposed that new evidence can be found for using certain viruses to treat diseases such as HIV, which do not...

Most human-chimp differences due to gene regulation ?not genes

...de powerful new evidence for a 30-year-old theory, proposed in a classic paper from Mary-Claire King and Allan Wilson of Berkeley. That 1975 paper documented the 99-percent similarity of genes from humans and chimps and suggested that altered gene regulation, rather than changes in coding, might explain how s...

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