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Tag: "programmed" at biology news

Seals protect brain, conserve oxygen by turning off shivering response on icy dives

...duce warmth. Mammals and birds are physiologically programmed to shiver when body temperature drops below a certain "set-point." While breathing air, seals shiver just like other animals. But when they dive below the surface in frigid water, shivering is switched off, the study found. By shutting down the...

Plant-derived molecules, genetic manipulation point to future chemoprevention methods

...inal growth of a young adult animal--also inhibits programmed cell death and stimulates colon epithelial cells, the scientists tested IGF-deficient mice for these cancer-causing characteristics. In fact, deficient mice had a decrease in proliferation in colon cells and an increase in apoptosis. The research...

Hope for a more effective and less toxic cancer drug

...ody depends on a normal and healthy process called programmed cell death - or apoptosis - to ensure that unwanted cells die on cue. If this process fails, then the damaged cells live on and multiply indefinitely and uncontrollably. This uncontrolled multiplication of rogue cells can lead to cancer. Conventio...

Worms produce surprise insight into human fever

...D-3, which is also required for the activation of programmed cell death under certain stresses. The other was a heat shock transcription factor-1 (HSF-1) pathway, which is elicited by increased temperature independently of p38 MAPK/CED-3. Aballay identified genes in both pathways that encoded immunity effec...

PNAS study reveals why organs fail following massive trauma

... manipulating the same molecules. A protein called programmed cell death 1 (PD1), for example, suggested by the PNAS paper as playing a role in post-trauma organ failure, is also involved in the immune system breakdown leading to AIDS, according to an article in the August edition of Nature. "Our study proves...

Hard-wiring the fruit fly's visual system

...ke other brain regions, cannot only be genetically programmed but requires activity by neurons or nerve cells in...eurons in vertebrates are born and are genetically programmed to project into a certain brain region. This is followed by a dynamic phase where neuronal activity ...

Gene therapy study takes aim at prostate cancer

...vessels. It causes what is known as "apoptosis" or programmed cell death in prostate cancer cells and also activates the immune system to fight cancer cells. "We are proceeding carefully, step-by-step," said Kadmon. He said they do not think the study presents a significant risk. They will inject the virus...

Targeted virus compels cancer cells to eat themselves

...led by apoptosis -- a much better known process of programmed cell death. A normal biological defense mechanism ... should be viewed as type 1 and type 2 versions of programmed cell death, Kondo says. In a Nature Reviews Cancer paper last September, Kondo and colleagues review...

Free radical cell death switch identified

...were found to turn on genes that commit neurons to programmed death. The discovery of the MST-FOXO biochemical switch mechanism fills a gap in our understanding of how oxidative stress elicits biological responses in neurons, and may include besides cell death, neuronal dysfunction and neuronal recovery. Sin...

Protein's role in regulating cell death sets direction for cancer research

... our body have the ability to trigger an intrinsic programmed cell death response. In the case of nerve cells th...ght in a way that could initiate cancer, this same programmed cell death response could save your life." Supported by an operating grant from the Canadian Instit...

New study shows antibiotic may protect the heart

...ive effect against heart attack injury and reduces programmed cell death. Researchers believe through the opening of the mitochondrial KATP channel of heart cells, rapamycin enables cells to maintain ATP levels. Mitochondria are cellular organelles critical for converting oxygen into ATP, the key fuel for cell...

Corals switch skeleton material as seawater changes

... Though most scientists believed that corals were programmed to produce only the aragonitic form of calcium carbonate, he said, the team's work reveals that corals are far more flexible and able to vary at least a portion of their skeleton to growth favored by seawater chemistry. He postulates that this "miner...

Researchers unveil strategy for creating actively-programmed anti-cancer molecules

... scientists created what is known as a "chemically programmed antibody" by using small cell-targeting molecules ...os F. Barbas III, for example, used the chemically programmed antibody approach in a melanoma model, dramatically enhancing the effectiveness of a small molecule ...

New compound reduces stroke damage

...y in neuronal cells triggers mechanisms leading to programmed cell death," explains Fischer. "Inhibition of FKBP38 makes cells more predisposed to survive." The scientists also synthesized a molecule that specifically inhibits FKBP38 and administered it to rats that were experiencing stroke symptoms. "We devel...

Promising cell protein may play role in infection and dry eye

...s a role in cell differentiation, in prevention of programmed cell death, in the regulation of cell proliferation, in the inhibition of microbial proteinases and in the protection against stromal degradation. High levels of the PAI-2 protein are associated with a good prognosis in breast cancer, small cell lun...

T cells activated to fight HIV basis for dendritic cell therapeutic vaccine

... virus by promoting a process called apoptosis, or programmed cell death. In their dying state and with trace amounts of viral antigen still present, these CD4 cells were placed in culture with the beefed up dendritic cells. Recognizing the cells as foreign, the dendritic cells processed the antigen. Importantl...

Heal thyself: Systems biology model reveals how cells avoid becoming cancerous

...that when a cell's DNA is damaged, the cell may be programmed to also stop dividing and perform a variety of housekeeping chores while it repairs its DNA. If true, the model may demystify the long-standing question of why DNA damage influences the expression of hundreds of genes not involved in the actual repai...

Study finds that a woman's chances of having twins can be modified by diet

... lowest in Asians. Some women are just genetically programmed to make more IGF than others. Twinning rates in these demographic groups parallel the IGF levels. "This study shows for the first time that the chance of having twins is affected by both heredity and environment, or in other words, by both nature an...

A new tool against brain disease

...y blocking that inhibitory switch, which is called programmed death-1 (PD-1). The study's senior author, Bruce Walker, a Howard Hughes Medical Institute researcher at Massachusetts General Hospital, said that clinical testing of drugs that block the PD-1 switch could begin very soon, since such drugs exis...

How HIV 'exhausts' killer T cells

...y blocking that inhibitory switch, which is called programmed death-1 (PD-1). The study's senior author, Bruce Walker, a Howard Hughes Medical Institute researcher at Massachusetts General Hospital, said that clinical testing of drugs that block the PD-1 switch could begin very soon, since such drugs exis...

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