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Tag: "producing" at biology news

Discovery in the evolution of the immune system absorbing cells

...ns) are still capable of phagocytis while they are producing antibodies, the B cells of higher vertebrates are no longer capable of phagocytis. The latter specialise almost exclusively in functions of the adaptive immune response. It is most probable that the less-elaborated, restrictive adaptive immune resp...

NHGRI aims to make DNA sequencing faster, more cost effective

...ng with additional analysis tools, with the aim of producing a viable, low-cost sequencing system. Timothy D. Harris, Ph.D, Helicos Biosciences Corporation, Cambridge, Mass.,$2 million (3 years),"High Accuracy Single Molecule DNA Sequencing by Synthesis" This team of investigators has developed a fully au...

New clues to how sex evolves

...etely transparent and reproduces very efficiently, producing over 200 progeny within a few days. Most C. elegans are hermaphrodites, which have two X chromosomes (XX), while some individuals are males with a single X chromosome (X0). The reproductive organs contain about half of the cells in an adult worm, and...

Peering into the shadow world of RNA

...lly active, it does not carry the instructions for producing any protein in the body. The importance of bet... sets of messenger RNAs, thus preventing them from producing protein and effectively silencing the group of genes from which they were transcribed. In that study...

A valuable fly for research into disease

...dwide are currently working with this organism and producing results that will have beneficial effects for health; Spain is among the leading countries for research that uses this animal model. Twenty-six international researchers, selected on the basis of their experience in studying human disease using this...

Vaccination with embryonic stem cells prevents lung cancer in mice

...f the ESCs combined with cultured fibroblast cells producing GM-CSF, a growth factor usually made by white blood cells and blood vessel-lining endothelial cells, which "supercharges" the immune response and appears to enhance the vaccine-induced immunity to cancer. Prof Eaton explained: "We needed a deliver...

Progress made in HIV vaccine development

... tested two possible HIV vaccines with the hope of producing an immune response in healthy, uninfected adults. One was a plasmid DNA-based vaccine expressing genes from three dominant HIV subtypes, and the second used recombinant adenovirus serotype 5 (rAd5) as a vector to deliver similar HIV strains. "Both...

Need to pull an all-nighter?

... adenosine accumulates in their brains, ultimately producing sleep. Once asleep, adenosine levels gradually decline. Rosenberg had been studying how the brain regulates the accumulation of adenosine in the brain for over 10 years, and, in 2000, he and his colleagues demonstrated in brain cells from rats that a...

Engineered yeast speeds ethanol production

...rgy crisis. But there are significant obstacles to producing ethanol. One is that high ethanol levels are toxic...elevated levels of both ethanol and glucose, while producing ethanol faster than un-engineered yeast. The work will be reported in the Dec. 8 issue of Science...

GlycoFi and Dartmouth report full humanization of yeast glycosylation pathway in Science

... scientists have engineered yeast cells capable of producing a broad repertoire of recombinant therapeutic prot...lian cell culture. These include the capability of producing higher recombinant protein titers, shorter fermentation times, and the ability to grow in chemically...

Researchers identify new weapon to fight deadly bacterial sepsis

...cular cellular proteins) to prevent the cells from producing the enzyme in the first place, the researchers demonstrated that aldose reductase is essential to that cycle. Previous work by Srivastava and his UTMB collaborators (including research described in a paper published Oct. 1 in Cancer Research) has...

Two studies on bee evolution reveal surprises

...arly bees' structures in combination with bee DNA, producing the largest molecular and morphological study to date on bee family-level phylogeny -- the evolutionary development and diversification of a species. Their goal was to examine the early evolutionary pattern of bees and how their evolution relates to ...

End of deforestation in view? Experts advance new way to size up global forest resources

...y). However the density of its forests has risen, producing an average 1.6% annual increase in the volume of growing stock. "China has experienced falling forest density in many parts of the country since 1949, but its area of forested land has steadily risen," notes ecologist Dr. Fang of Beijing. "The ne...

Sandia researchers discover way to see how a drug attaches to a cell

...heir paper Shelnutt and Song describe a new way of producing porous, nanoscopic, hollow platinum spheres by using liposomes as blueprints. (Liposomes are microscopic, fluid-filled pouches that are used to deliver certain vaccines, enzymes, or drugs to the body.) In earlier work, Shelnutt's group grew large c...

Rising ocean temperatures, pollution have oysters in hot water

...ells. The mitochondria are the cell's power plant, producing energy for the oyster, including for ventilation and circulation. "We found that mitochondria are very sensitive to cadmium at high temperatures," Lannig noted, suggesting that the higher temperature and cadmium exposure negatively affect the mito...

Researchers discover that sheep need retroviruses for reproduction

...generally contain mutations that prevent them from producing infectious retroviruses," he said. However, several endogenous retroviruses appear to provide protection from infection and are involved in reproduction. For instance, the exogenous Jaagsiekte Sheep Retrovirus or JSRV causes lung tumors in sheep an...

Researchers make nanosheets that mimic protein formation

...-assembly is nature's basic building principle for producing organized arrays of biomolecules with controlled geometrical and physicochemical surface properties," Glotzer said. "In the fabrication of functional nanoscale materials and devices, self-assembly offers substantial advantages over traditional manufa...

Biologists probe the machinery of cellular protein factories

...aboratory achieved breakthroughs in 1999 and 2001, producing the first high-resolution images of the molecular structure of a complete ribosome. Now, his team has made another major advance with an even higher-resolution image that enables them to construct an atom-by-atom model of the ribosome. The new pict...

Poor athletic performance linked to vitamin deficiency

...ive individuals. The stress on the body's energy producing pathways during exercise, the changes in the body's tissues resulting from training, an increase in the loss of nutrients in sweat, urine and feces during and after strenuous activity and the additional nutrients needed to repair and maintain higher ...

Research holds promise for herpes vaccine

..."wild-type" strain. "We have a clear roadmap for producing an effective live vaccine against genital herpes," said Halford, who works in MSU's Department of Veterinary Molecular Biology. "Although my studies were performed with HSV-1, the implications for HSV-2-induced genital herpes are clear. Overall the t...

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