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Tag: "producing" at biology news

Antibacterial coatings cut infection rates

...he bacteria then change their metabolism and start producing a slimy biofilm that protects them from antibiotic...cteria think that they are alone; they don't start producing the biofilm and eventually die on the surface. "We attach the furanones by covalent bonding to our ...

Poison + water = hydrogen. New microbial genome shows how

...ly poisonous gas, the microbe mixes it with water, producing hydrogen gas as waste. As the world increasingly considers hydrogen as a potential biofuel, technology could benefit from having the genomes of such microbes. " C. hydrogenoformans is one of the fastest-growing microbes that can convert water and...

Odd energy mechanism in bacteria analyzed

...archers that the cell does not require this energy producing mechanism in normal conditions. It's possible, the...ating system is the respiration of organic carbon, producing carbon dioxide and water in the process. Oxygen in the Earth's atmosphere was largely created and i...

Asleep in the deep: Model helps assess ocean-injection strategy for combating greenhouse effect

...could occur if the injection device malfunctioned, producing larger droplets. "An even safer injection scheme would be to inject into a depth of more than 3,000 meters, where CO2 liquid is denser than seawater and would sink and dissolve," Zhang said. Calculations based on Zhang's theory closely match observ...

Mapping alcohol brain damage

... addicted to alcohol -- with the long-term goal of producing a drug that could reduce alcohol dependence. ...

USC researchers track down the stem cells that create feathers

...symmetric to bilaterally symmetric morphologies by producing molecular gradients and/or asymmetric cell behaviors. While this insight into the formation and regeneration of feathers is fascinating, it is the potential for application to human stem-cell studies that really motivates Chuong and his team. "What...

Worms know bad food when they smell it

...fection occurs, a particular set of neurons starts producing massive amounts of the neurotransmitter serotonin, and that this response is required for learning. "We think that this is the signal the worm is using to say 'I've gotten sick,'" Bargmann said. The role of serotonin suggests that this type of lea...

The brain is broadly wired for reproduction

..., and green fluorescent protein (GFP), to mark the producing cells. By visualizing the locations of BL, GFP, and GnRH neurons and their axons, the researchers were able to identify neurons directly connected to GnRH neurons. They also determined which neurons sent signals to GnRH neurons and which neurons rece...

Olfactory system detects pheromones that control reproduction

...defined neuronal populations clustered around LHRH producing neurons, Dulac said. In the experiments reported in Cell, Dulac and her colleagues used a genetically altered version of a pseudorabies virus that is a highly specific tracer, permitting the researchers to label neurons with a fluorescent protein ma...

Effective, safe anthrax vaccine can be grown in tobacco plants

... in efforts to find a safe and effective method of producing large quantities of vaccine for anthrax, one of the top bioterrorism threats facing the United States. The new production method also could help the government and health care providers avoid supply shortages, as one acre of plants can produce 360 mi...

Sperm stem cells closer to being like embryonic stem cells

...nt the cells back into male rats, with the goal of producing "knockout," or genetically altered, animals to study health and behavioral effects related to those missing genes. Knockout mice are often used in research, but they are produced using a different method than the new sperm-cell approach. "It will ...

Clinical trial to test stem cell approach for children with brain injury

... the mesenchymal stem cells play the major role in producing new neurons and support cells. The Center for Cell and Gene Therapy at Baylor College of Medicine will process the bone marrow into the stem cell preparation and return it to Memorial Hermann Children's Hospital, where it will be given intravenousl...

University of Arizona plant scientists to unravel maize genome

...t consumers. Corn plants will also prove useful in producing novel compounds, such as industrial feedstocks, biofuels and medicinal products. Wing's group provides the framework for the project: a so-called physical map that covers about 95 percent of the maize genome. Using the map, the scientists will then...

Scientists observe how a close bond activates the immune system

...a threat the T cell starts multiplying, eventually producing thousands of copies of itself. These T cell clones are capable of killing invaders outright and marshaling other cells to destroy them. In the new study, Gabriele Campi, a graduate student in Dr. Dustin's laboratory, and Kaspar Mossman, a graduate...

Gene therapy for muscular dystrophy fixes frail muscle cells in animal model, Stanford study finds

...sion of muscular dystrophy. She found that in mice producing insufficient dystrophin, she could see the glowing protein slowly leak out of the cell. This leakiness is a sign that the cell is not healed. In contrast, when she used Calos' gene therapy technique to introduce the genes, the muscle cell contained h...

Scientists discover the molecular switch for nerve cells' insulating jelly rolls

...e cells will be wrapped in thick layers of myelin, producing the biological equivalent of a jelly roll. Using a sophisticated system for growing nerve cells in laboratory dishes, the team identified a gene called neuregulin as the myelin signal. This signal directs Schwann cells, the nervous system's cellular...

Researchers identify molecular anchor that allows bacterial invasion of central nervous system

...ion association gene-A) played a central role. By producing a fat-sugar complex that anchors LTA, iagA establishes a link that allows bacteria to begin making its way into the nervous system. The researchers found that removing the iagA gene from the Streptococcus inhibited bacterial interactions with the blo...

Researchers discover why melanoma is so malignant

...es--cells that protect the skin from sun damage by producing pigmentation--morph into cancer cells, they immediately reawaken a dormant cellular process that lets them travel swiftly throughout the body. Central to this reawakened process is a gene called Slug (named after the bizarre embryo shape that its...

New vaccine platform may fight infections with causes from influenza to bioterrorism

...ch are essential for signaling other cells and for producing antigen-specific antibodies, the vaccine strategy provided protection against pneumocystis. Importantly, this vaccine strategy was able to bypass the need for T cells. A series of experiments helped identify the two key components of the experimen...

Sudden change in social status triggers genetic response in male fish, study finds

... cells grow eight times bigger in volume and begin producing large amounts of the hormone. As a result, the fish becomes more aggressive, his appearance changes dramatically and his gonads mature. When the male descends in status, the opposite occurs--the hormone-producing brain cells decrease in size, the ost...

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