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Tag: "produced" at biology news

Bacterial walls come tumbling down

...eapon against the infamous superbug. The images produced by Strynadka's team show the enzyme frozen in place by a powerful antibiotic called moenomycin. Moenomycin has been used for decades in animal feed to promote livestock growth. Bacteria have shown very little evidence of resistance to this antibiotic...

ConocoPhillips establishes $22.5M biofuels research program at Iowa State

...r year for seven years. Biorenewable fuels are produced from organic materials and help reduce pollution and greenhouse gas emissions while diversifying the energy supply. Conventional biorenewable fuels include ethanol from corn starch and biodiesel from soybean oil. Advanced biofuels are expected to be ...

Hybrid molecule causes cancer cells to self-destruct

...rate to improve delivery to the cancer cells often produced unsafe side effects. In some of the less successful experiments, designed to avoid toxic side effects, researchers used innocuous sugar molecules such as glucose to carry butyrate into the cells. The Johns Hopkins team tried a different tack. "We ...

Scientists find hormone activity explains adolescent mood swings

... individual adapt to stress, with a calming effect produced half an hour after the event. Specifically, th...emotion. Paradoxically, THP reduced the inhibition produced by these alpha4-beta2-delta GABA-A receptors, increasing brain activity to produce a state of increa...

A genetic 'gang of 4' drives spread of breast cancer

...ce by simultaneously targeting two of the proteins produced by these genes, using drugs already on the market....ugs already on the market act directly on proteins produced by the genes Massagué’s group had been studying. Cetuximab is an antibody that blocks the action of ...

Wired for sound: How the brain senses visual illusions

...n a study that could help reveal how illusions are produced in the brain's visual cortex, researchers at the UCSD School of Medicine have found new evidence of rapid integration of auditory and visual sensations in the brain. Their findings, which provide new insight into neural mechanisms by which visual pe...

Scientists discover new, readily available source of stem cells

...lated" the diseased areas. In addition, bone cells produced from the stem cells were successfully used to grow bony tissue in mice, and liver cells were able to secrete urea, which the liver produces from ammonia. The potential to generate a broad range of mature cell types is why many scientists believe s...

Molecular differences between early and advanced melanomas could provide new drug targets

...sts also found that the Akt-induced melanoma cells produced more of the enzyme NOX4, one of the NOX family of genes known to increase generation of ROS and to trigger angiogenesis. The scientists also found that in cells with greater Akt expression, there was an increase in impaired mitochondria-- the ene...

Penn study on olfactory nerve cells shows why we smell better when we sniff

...chemical stimulus into the nose. As expected, this produced a reaction in the olfactory neurons, the primary s... chemical stimuli into the mouse's nose. This also produced a similar, but smaller reaction in the olfactory neurons. By decreasing pressure of the non-odor sol...

Antibody therapy prevents type 1 diabetes in mice

...c (NOD) mice with an antibody -- a type of protein produced by the immune system that recognizes and helps fight infections and other foreign substances in the body -- directed against a receptor known as CD137 on the surface of a type of immune cell called T-cells. Treating NOD mice with the anti-CD137 antib...

Mechanisms involved with tumor relapse identified

...on gamma, a cytokine or chemical messenger that is produced by cells of the immune system upon activation, pla...tumor relapse. In humans, interferon gamma is also produced by white blood cells of the immune system in response to invasion by pathogens or tumors in order to...

New study sheds light on 'dark states' in DNA

...niversity have probed an unusual high-energy state produced in single nucleotides -- the building blocks of DNA and RNA -- when they absorb ultraviolet (UV) light. This is the first time scientists have been able to probe the "dark" energy state -- so called because it cannot be detected by fluorescence tech...

Why doesn't the immune system attack the small intestine?

...n T cells. Instead, and unexpectedly, tolerance is produced by stromal cells from nearby lymph nodes. Although they aren't classified as "professional antigen-presenters," as dendritic cells are, the stromal cells serve the same purpose: exhibiting normal-cell antigens to the immune system. "Our study point...

Tumor-suppressor gene is critical for placenta development

...s 19 days). Interestingly, the researchers also produced some mice in which the Rb gene was present in the placenta stem cells but destroyed in cells produced by them. These cells formed a normal-looking placenta and the embryos survived. "This suggests th...

UW launches study testing adult stem cells for heart damage repair

...kin in the arm, thigh or abdomen of a commercially produced protein (granulocyte colony stimulating factor). The protein helps to release blood-forming CD34+ cells from a subject's bone marrow into the bloodstream. Then, investigators use a cell separation system to remove from the subject's bloodstream a...

Researcher to study astronaut bone loss for space biology agency

...: insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), a chemical produced in bone and other organs that promotes the growth of bone and cartilage; IGF-1 receptor, which resides in bone cells and enables them to respond to IGF-1; and beta-3 integrin, a protein that among other roles promotes the function of IGF-1 receptor. ...

Elucidation of the genome for diabetics with DNA chips

...oble, ZnT8 is the only molecule apart from insulin produced exclusively in the insulin-secreting beta cells of... and by the province of Quebec. The DNA chips were produced at the genomics centre in Montreal. ...

Is there a pilot in the insect?

...er) and a specially designed microscope. They then produced an electronic microcircuit based on this principle. The most recent version weighs only 0.2 grams. This is the neuron that does most of the work on board the microhelicopter. The optic flow regulator helps explain how an insect manages to fly, even...

Instruction manual for creating a molecular nose

...ns that were previously difficult to access can be produced and analyzed in their active structure," says Sinner. The new procedure developed by Eva-Kathrin Sinner and her research group makes it possible, for the first time, to examine the natural functions of such membrane proteins in situ. This is of c...

What's in the water? Estrogenic activity documented in fish caught in Pittsburgh's rivers

... laboratory, and they found that two bass extracts produced strong-to-moderate cell growth, as did five catfish extracts. "We know that there are hundreds, even thousands, of chemicals in the environment that can have estrogenic activity," said Dr. Eagon. "These chemicals usually come from industrial poll...

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