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Tag: "process" at biology news

Same-Sex Mating Discovered in a Toxic Fungus

...lates could undergo fruiting and produce spores, a process that resembles sexual reproduction. However, resea...rs of the same sex, they reported. Meiosis is the process whereby cells divide into two "haploid" cells, each with half the number of chromosomes. Unlike dipl...

Genetic defects give the immune system the green light to attack the pancreas

...rant?immune cells that it normally eliminates by a process called immunological tolerance. These immune cells...m throughout the body and wreak havoc. This is the process behind many autoimmune, or “self-immune,?diseases such as type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, rheum...

CoPub Mapper: mining MEDLINE based on search term co-publication

...hat are potentially responsible for the biological process of interest. In order to identify biological simil...several relevant clusters of genes with biological process and disease keywords. In addition, all genes versus keywords were hierarchical clustered to reveal a...

Nanoparticle Breast Cancer Drug Approved by FDA

... said. Abraxane is engineered using a proprietary process (protein-bound nanoparticle technology) to create tiny particles (nanoparticles 100th the size of a red blood cell) in which the active chemotherapeutic drug, paclitaxel, is bound to a naturally occurring protein called albumin. By using this nanote...

New understanding of DNA repair may pave way to cancer treatments

...strate ATF2's role in DNA repair, an intracellular process that prevents formation of genetic mutations, including those that lead to cancer. "This is the first time we've seen a protein which has been implicated in gene regulation possess an independent function--in DNA repair--while both functions are unc...

Cerebral navigation: How do nerve fibers know what direction to grow in?

...ing these pathways could help in understanding the process of nerve regeneration," says Greenberg, who is also Professor of Neurology and Neurobiology at Harvard Medical School. "The mechanisms we've uncovered could provide opportunities for the development of therapies for spinal cord injury, targeting ephe...

NIH Researchers Discover How Insulin Allows Entry of Glucose Into Cells

...berg added that studying the chemical steps of the process in which the vesicles fuse with the cell membrane ...-related disorders. He added that each step in the process might provide the basis for a treatment: when the vesicles first stop moving, when they tether to th...

Biomarkers isolated from saliva successfully predict oral and breast cancer

...her parts of the cell for protein manufacture. The process by which genes are copied to mRNA, via an enzyme called RNA polymerase, is called transcription and the products are called transcripts. The UCLA team collected saliva and blood from 32 patients with primary oral squamous cell carcinoma and 40 breas...

Cooperation is key—a new way of looking at MicroRNA and how it controls gene expression

...ery gene, and the cell exercises control over this process in numerous ways, and hence expression of a gene. One way to exert this control is ensuring that mRNAs that are not needed are destroyed. One of the ways that nature has evolved for destroying certain mRNAs is making them inherently unstable and pron...

Anammox bacteria produce nitrogen gas in oceans' snackbar

...f a waste water treatment system using the anammox process are only 10% of the costs of current treatment sys...ing conventional methods. Additionaly, the anammox process could reduce the emission of the greenhouse gas CO2 during waste water treatment by 88%. Because of ...

Insight into DNA's 'weakest links' may yield clues to cancer biology

...d that chromosomes break when DNA replication ?the process by which DNA copies itself before cell division ?slows or stalls. However, the DNA characteristics that make particular sites vulnerable to breakage had remained unclear, he said. The researchers slowed DNA replication in yeast cells by reducing the...

Decoding the logic of olfaction

...ivity associated with a whiff of skunk spray. The process of smelling an odor begins with odorant receptors that are located on the surface of nerve cells inside the nose. When an odorant receptor detects an odor molecule, it triggers a nerve signal that travels to a way station in the brain called the olfa...

FDA Works To Speed The Advent Of New, More Effective Personalized Medicines

...liminate possible delays in the application review process because parties will be able to familiarize themselves with novel pharmacogenomic approaches as they evolve. FDA's new pharmacogenomics Web page is available . The Web site ("Genomics at FDA") will be useful to industry because it includes detailed...

Shutting down the HIV assembly line

...gether and create a viral particle. "The assembly process is just one part of the whole HIV life cycle," Spe...he newly identified early step in the HIV assembly process could be a target for a new generation of drugs to combat the virus. No existing anti-HIV drugs disr...

Genpathway and Baylor College of Medicine Identify New Genes in Breast Cancer

...ivity associated with a whiff of skunk spray. The process of smelling an odor begins with odorant receptors that are located on the surface of nerve cells inside the nose. When an odorant receptor detects an odor molecule, it triggers a nerve signal that travels to a way station in the brain called the olfa...

Researchers find promising cancer-fighting power of synthetic cell-signaling molecule

...lls decide whether to grow or die via a controlled process called apoptosis. Cancer cells are usually defective in these regulatory pathways, so researchers hypothesized that structurally modified sphingolipid analogs might be even better at making cancer cells behave more normally. Merrill and his collabor...

Double triumph in stem cell quest

...cloned (New Scientist, 21 February 2004, p 6). The process was also very inefficient, taking 242 eggs to create just one ESC line. Now Hwang has created 11 more ESC lines from cloned embryos in an impressive study that answers all the criticisms of his original study. He has also greatly increased the effic...

Africa to take it on chin again with climate change

...o 20% drier than the 1950-99 average. A different process appears to shape rainfall in the Sahel. When sea-surface temperatures are warmer in the South Atlantic than in the North, it pulls the Sahelian monsoon cycle south as well, depriving the region of its usual rains. "This was the situation during much...

Plant Sacrifices Cells to Fight Invaders

...ing themselves after they turn on the cell-suicide process was a mystery. Now, in the May 20 issue of the journal Cell, Yale University's Savithramma Dinesh-Kumar and his colleagues report finding a gene that normally propagates a "pro-survival" signal in plant tissue. Without that input, an alternate "pro-...

Scientists discover that three overlapping signals in embryo help get the backbone right

...ates, occurring as it does at the beginning of the process of gastrulation, which sees front and back, head a...the embryo eventually dies. "Gastrulation and the process of defining your back-belly axis is such an important step that you actually have multiple proteins ...

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