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Insomnia drug can improve brain function

...s involved in motivational processing. Although previous studies have shown the positive effect of zolpidem on catatonic conditions, the authors state, "To our knowledge, this is the first study assessing the impact of zolpidem of post-anoxic brain injury using the modern methodological standards of clinic...

Scientists find method to pick noncompetitive animals, improve production

...by applying the tool to a flock of chickens. In previous research, Muir showed that choosing less aggressive animals from a group for breeding purposes increases productivity. In the latest research, the scientists show that aggressiveness and all other traits affecting social interactions are inherited an...

Darwin's famous finches and Venter's marine microbes

...profiles by including the new members found in the previous round. All in all, they dug up 45,000 protein kinase sequences that fell into 20 distinct families, of which the eukaryotic protein kinases are just one. The additional 19 families spanned a huge range and included several that had never been descri...

Scientists find potential 'off-switch' for HIV virus

...s to full-blown infection. Based on their work and previous studies by others, they have proposed that the Tat protein and the enzymes that modify it serve as a "resistor," a component of an electrical circuit that reduces the flow of current. "The resistor paradigm is a helpful way to think about how HIV...

Using brain scans, researchers find evidence for a two-stage model of human perceptual learning

...ble to more directly probe neuronal tuning than in previous studies. Investigators found that cars activated a particular region in participants' brains, the lateral occipital cortex, which had also been found by other studies to be important for object recognition. Then the volunteers were given several ...

Canadian study shows bilingualism has protective effect in delaying onset of dementia by four years

... at Baycrest. The study follows on the heels of previous published reports by Dr. Bialystok and colleagues showing that bilingualism enhances attention and cognitive control in both children and older adults. Those results inspired Bialystok and her research team to ask, "So what does this mean for the ons...

Exploring the molecular origin of blood clot flexibility

...ood flow and cause heart attacks and strokes. In previous research, senior author John W. Weisel, PhD, Professor of Cell and Developmental Biology, measured the elastic properties of individual fibers and found that the fibers, which are long and very thin, bend much more easily than they stretch, suggestin...

Cheaper, better disease treatments expected from faster approach to developing antibodies

..., cancer cells and other harmful agents). However, previous approaches required an antibody that looked promising to be transferred from bacteria to mammalian cells to pursue large-scale, commercial production. Getting mammalian cells to produce lots of antibodies costs more, and can take several months. ...

Inflammation may play role in metastasis of prostate cancer

...tor Kappa-B (RANK). RANK ligand has been shown in previous studies to be an important inflammatory protein (cytokine) that can lead to bone loss through activation of bone resorbing cells. RANK ligand, produced by inflammatory cells that invade advanced prostate tumors, triggers a chain reaction in which I...

Amur leopard still on the brink of extinction, scientists say

...on Society's Russia program and coordinator of the previous census in 2005. "But to understand the reasons, we should research the ecology of the predator in a more profound way, using latest techniques such as automatic camera traps, radio tracking, genetic and veterinary research." The census 2007 fo...

Researchers discover new details about HIV-1 entry and infection

...ear to be more diverse and complex. In contrast to previous studies, infection of CD4+ T cells does not appear to require passage of the virus from LC. Both LC and CD4+ T cells can migrate out of the vaginal epithelium. Study findings suggest that CD4+ T cells may be principally responsible for local shedd...

Penn researchers replace organ in adult mice using 'single-parent' stem cells

... of the journal Genes & Development. "While previous research has approached the possibility of using a woman's egg cells to create therapeutic stem cells, we discovered that we could actually repopulate an adult organ. To our surprise we also found that by using male-only derived embryonic stem cells...

Study uncovers a lethal secret of 1918 influenza virus

...onal genomics portion of the new study and led the previous mouse-based study. "Our analysis revealed potential mechanisms of virulence, which we hope will help us develop novel antiviral strategies to both outwit the virus and moderate the host immune response." The same excessive immune reaction is chara...

New sensor detects gaseous chemical weapon surrogates in 45 seconds

...'s small components represent a major advance over previous LPAS measurement methods. Historically, LPAS instruments were physically large, often measuring a meter or more in length. The entire arrangement was cumbersome, power-hungry and prone to interference from external sound and vibration. In the QPAS...

Uganda's mountain gorillas increase in number

...0 gorillas, up from 324 individuals counted in the previous census in 1989. In spite of incursions by farmers and rebels into the parks, and a few recent poaching events, Virungas?mountain gorillas are persisting as well, thanks to sustained conservation efforts by the guards and staff members within that lan...

Severe mental retardation gene mutation identified

... to play a role in mental retardation based on the previous genetics work. It was found only because we were systematically looking at all the genes on the X chromosome irrespective of what they do." X-linked mental retardation is severe. Some patients require total care and may not have language ability....

Batten down the hatches against HIV

...could significantly slow down an HIV infection, as previous work have shown. But how to get the RNA fragments into the T-cells? The shells of nonpathogenic viruses can be used to smuggle genetic material into cells, but this is dangerous in therapeutic applications because they can trigger allergies. Lipos...

Tiny clue reveals new path toward heart disease

...ine at the Duke Center for Human Genetics. In a previous study, the researchers had scanned the entire genome -- the body's genetic blueprint -- of a group of families in which at least two siblings had early onset coronary artery disease, looking for regions of "linkage" where DNA variations appeared to b...

Speeding 'fingertip' discovery -- 20 years of protein info in 1 place

...s - their size and weight. The process improves on previous techniques by breaking up proteins more gently and keeping chemical modifications like phosphorylation intact. Previous spectrometry methods were “just too rough?on the delicate protein alterations and sheared them right off, he says. “We had to gue...

Neural bottleneck found that thwarts multi-tasking

...e two tasks at once. Both areas have been shown in previous experiments to play a critical role in cognitive control. "We determined these brain regions responded to tasks irrespective of the senses involved, they were engaged in selecting the appropriate response, and, most importantly, they showed 'quein...

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