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St. Jude study solves mystery of mammalian ears

...nse to the sound waves, amplifying the sound. In a previous study, Zuo and his colleagues showed that a protein called prestin is the motor in mammalian outer hair cells triggers this contraction. And that is where the debate begins. While both mammals and non-mammals have cilia on their outer hair cells, on...

Enzyme delivered in smaller package protects cells from radiation damage

... the kidney, liver and thyroid gland. Based on previous studies showing that intravenous gene therapy delivery of the enzyme manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) could protect mice from whole body irradiation, and in preparation for a potential clinical trial of systemic MnSOD in humans, the University ...

Blood test may help signal tumor's remission, return in throat cancer patients

...ted the patients’ blood for five proteins that, in previous studies, had been found to occur at heightened levels in head and neck cancer patients. These include two cytokines known as Interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8, and three growth factors known as growth-related oncogene (GRO)-1, vascular endothelial growth f...

Cigarette smoke alters DNA in sperm, genetic damage could pass to offspring

... the offspring,” Yauk said. According to Yauk, previous studies have shown that Ms6-hm and similar locatio...regions of DNA where genes reside, Yauk notes that previous studies correlate mutations in non-coding regions with those in coding regions, and that some repeti...

Old memory traces in brain may trigger chronic pain

...d analgesics people have to use. In Apkarian’s previous study, published in late 2006, he revealed that chronic back pain appears in a different part of the brain than the discomfort of burning your finger, for example. With a functional MRI, he found that chronic back pain shows up in the prefrontal cort...

Simulations unravel outer membrane transport mechanism

...shid said. Each step relies on the completion of a previous step, so the simulations take an extensive amount of time and considerable computational effort. The researchers addressed two key questions: First, could the bond between TonB and the luminal domain withstand the force needed to pull the luminal ...

Snoring in children might be an allergic type disease

...actors could apply to the general population where previous studies have also found strong associations between allergic or inflammatory diseases and snoring. “Snoring can be an early manifestation of more serious sleep-disordered breathing, so it’s not necessarily a harmless condition,” Dr Marshall added...

Caribbean frogs started with a single, ancient voyage on a raft from South America

...erica. "This discovery is surprising because no previous theories of how the frogs arrived had predicted a single origin for Caribbean terrestrial frogs and because groups of close relatives rarely dominate the fauna of an entire continent or major geographic region," explained Penn State's Blair Hedges, t...

Brightening prospects of using fluorescent nanotubes in medical applications

...ficiency of 1 percent, a factor of 100 better than previous ensemble measurements and close to the best quantum efficiencies reported for individual nanotubes. The methods researchers use to produce nanotubes creates soot that contains a number of different types of nanotubes: metallic, semiconducting, doub...

ASU research shows connection between testosterone, dietary antioxidants and bird coloration

...r attractive and bright colors,” McGraw said. Most previous studies of this sort have focused on physiological or even genetic links between testosterone and health. He adds that it is worth considering the implications for human nutrition and health. “If testosterone is having immunosuppressive effects in...

Genetic factors are linked to fever following smallpox vaccination

...ey studied 346 individuals who had participated in previous smallpox vaccination trials, 94 of whom developed fevers after vaccination. The authors analyzed 19 gene clusters (called haplotypes) linked to the body’s response to viral infections. The new study identified a total of eight haplotypes in four ...

Bacteria ferry nanoparticles into cells for early diagnosis, treatment

...his delivery system much simpler to implement than previous alternatives," Bashir said. This new delivery system also is more efficient than other experimental techniques using viruses and bacteria. "With other techniques, you can usually incorporate only one copy of your gene cargo to each bacterium or...

Exploring the dark matter of the genome

...ncing the Drosophila heterochromatin have overcome previous technical limitations, extended understanding of heterochromatin's organization and constitution, and led to new insight into how it helps cells and organisms survive. The latest results from the DHGP are reported in a pair of papers in the June 15, ...

Research finds that circadian rhythms dominate all life functions

...ting them by phase or timing of oscillation. Where previous studies have failed, the Colorado State study uses advanced algorithms that have the capacity to identify patterns in such a large number of genes. Ptitsyn discovered that gene activity oscillates in a "finely orchestrated" system and gene express...

Reconstructing the biology of extinct species: A new approach

...mb structure. For the first time, we can test our previous conclusions using a new source of information." ...

Study identifies 5 genetic themes key to keeping stem cells in a primitive, flexible state

...n Ottawa and Canada’s Stem Cell Network. While previous studies have tried to compare gene expression in different types of stem cells, the strategy used in this study was unique. Rather than simply searching for any genes expressed by stem cells, the researchers looked for genes whose expression was also...

Male circumcision overstated as prevention tool against AIDS

... in the future. First, male circumcision, which in previous studies had been found to be important in controlling AIDS, becomes statistically irrelevant once the study controls for the number of prostitutes in a country. The study finds that the more Muslim countries of North Africa do indeed suffer much less...

Gene therapy study shows safety and statistically significant improvement in Parkinson's disease

...he value of this strategy has been demonstrated in previous human studies where reducing STN activity by either electrical stimulation or lesioning can help ameliorate the symptoms of advanced Parkinson’s disease. The Phase 1 study was not specifically designed to assess efficacy. Nonetheless, the research...

Want to save polar bears? Follow the ice

...Cool Bears" initiative represents a departure from previous polar bear studies, which typically focused on either observing individual bears or following them with satellite collars, often at great cost and risk to bears and researchers alike. Polar bears rely on seasonal sea ice for stalking their princi...

Human stem cell treatment restores motor function in paralyzed rats

... patient’s legs. This study builds on Marsala’s previous work in rat models using human neuronal stem cells, published in October 2004 in the European Journal of Neurosciences. In that study, significantly improved motor function, measured by a suppression of spastic movements and improved muscle tone, w...

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