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Tag: "prevents" at biology news

Ocean temperature predicts spread of marine species

...nce for babies to get away from parents. Dispersal prevents inbreeding; for some species, this is a time to move from breeding ground to habitat where they'll mature," she said. But less than 1 percent of larvae survive dispersal. They are consumed by predators, encounter harsh environments or never reach ...

Biofuel cells without the bio cells

...e engineers to design a space-adding membrane that prevents unwanted reactions between fuel, the charge-transporting agent and the electron-accepting metal, the latter being the electrode that carries the electricity to the device. In purified protein fuel cells, the seal made by the protein coating on the el...

Edge density key to controlling gypsy moth spread

...If the population density is low, the Allee effect prevents growth across the boundaries. The model showed that no pulsed expansion exists for populations unaffected by the Allee effect. However, when the it is a factor, not only does pulsed expansion occur, but it mimics the historic pulses of the gypsy moth...

Novel regulatory mechanism identified for key tumor suppressor p53

...und was that methylation at the site we identified prevents p53 from binding to DNA, which also explains why it's a repressive modification." Berger and Huang note that this is one of only a small number of studies to identify methylation as playing a role in regulating the activity of proteins that are not...

U-M researchers use nanoparticles to target brain cancer

...ifficult because of the blood-brain barrier, which prevents harmful substances from traveling through the bloodstream into the brain. In order for chemotherapy to treat a tumor, it must penetrate this barrier. Researchers tested the nanoparticles in cell cultures and animal models. The studies showed the ...

New sunscreen ingredient to heal sunburn and help prevent skin cancer

...nburn ?which is exacerbated by the iron - and also prevents the build up of harmful sunlight-generated free radicals, which can lead to the development of skin cancers. The new ingredient is light-responsive and only becomes active when it is exposed to UV radiation in sunlight, avoiding any side-effects th...

Detailed 3-D image catches a key regulator of neural stem cell differentiation in action

... almost all tissues of the body. When active, Scp1 prevents the enzyme RNA polymerase II from reading and switching on neuronal genes in tissues where they shouldn't be expressed, such as skin, muscle and liver. In the nervous system Scp1 is switched off, enabling RNA polymerase II to efficiently transcribe i...

Elusive rust resistance genes located

...so experience slower rates of rust infection. This prevents widespread and rapid increase of rust spores reducing the potential for disease epidemics throughout the crop. "Up until now it has been difficult to track Lr34 / Yr18 in wheat because of the masking effect of other resistance genes," Dr Lagudah s...

Recycling technology

...n 15 to 20 different compounds. EU legislation now prevents disposal of electronic materials in landfill. Dr Avtar Matharu, of the Department of Chemistry at York, said: "The amount LCD waste is increasing at an alarming rate and, with disposal in landfill or incineration no longer acceptable, new solutions...

Scientists discover way to block growth of prostate cancer cells

...rogen-induced oxidative stress in the prostate and prevents spontaneous prostate tumour development," said Dr Basu. More tests have to be carried out, but the researchers, working with the world-renowned prostate cancer clinician Dr George Wilding (a co-author of the paper), hope that phase I clinical tria...

'Protecting virus' offers instant flu protection and converts flu infections into their own vaccines

...virus' provides instant protection, and completely prevents flu symptoms developing by slowing influenza infec...ds. This deletion makes the virus harmless and prevents it from reproducing by itself within a cell, so that it cannot spread like a normal influenza virus....

New clues to how sex evolves

...in the Pairing Centers on their chromosomes, which prevents pairing during meiosis, so even those who mate can't produce fertile offspring." The question remains whether new binding sites or new forms of zinc-finger protein lead rapid evolution in the worms. And there are other questions: in C. elegans, a...

Why don't all moles progress to melanoma?

...nes in the melanocyte and triggers a response that prevents the malignant transformation of these cells," Soengas adds. According to Soengas, the tumor suppressive mechanism induced by the ER in melanocytes with these cancer-causing mutations is premature senescence ?a form of "suspended animation" that st...

Interaction between lymph and liver cells may affect immune response

...at line blood vessels form a physical barrier that prevents naïve (unactivated) T cells from accessing surrounding tissue; these cells must typically be activated by specialized cells known as professional antigen presenting cells (APCs) before they are able to migrate across the endothelium and interact with...

Widely used hepatitis B drug spurs HIV drug resistance

...lamivudine, better known as 3TC, a medication that prevents HIV replication and "is a cornerstone of most drug-combination therapies used to fight the immune system disease." Because lamivudine is in the same category of HIV therapies as another widely used drug, emtricitabine, its effectiveness is also comp...

Magic Beans -- Anti-obesity soya could help prevent diabetes

...ack soya may be even more potent in rats, and also prevents weight gain (Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, February 2007 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa2808). The researchers, led by Shin Joung Rho at Hanyang University, Seoul, allowed 32 rats to gorge on a fatty diet, supplemented with various levels of ...

Reactivated gene shrinks tumors

...g properly, it activates DNA repair mechanisms and prevents cells with damaged DNA from dividing. If DNA damage is irreparable, p53 induces the cell to destroy itself by undergoing apoptosis, or programmed cell death. When p53 is turned off by mutation or deletion, cells are much more likely to become canc...

Multiple malaria infection inhibits spread of parasite

... development of the parasite in the mosquito. This prevents the parasite from spreading further. The presence of this immunity, the so-called transmission-reducing activity, is determined using a laboratory test. Van der Kolk discovered that people who are often infected with malaria could quickly acquire thi...

Adding radiation decreases breast cancer recurrence

...g surgery for breast cancer reduces recurrence and prevents development of additional breast tumors in older women with early stage breast disease, according to a new study. Published in the March 1, 2007 issue of CANCER, a peer-reviewed journal of the American Cancer Society, the study suggests that women al...

Study of planarians offers insight into germ cell development

... germ cells. Some other mechanism, as yet unknown, prevents these germ cells from developing into functional testes and ovaries. "Having a simple organism that also uses inductive signaling is going to help us tease apart the more conserved mechanisms (of germ cell development and maintenance)," Newmark sa...

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