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Tag: "prevents" at biology news

New cell transplantation technique restores insulin production in diabetics

...cedure, the sandwich closure is a safe method that prevents many of the complications common to previous techniques used to transplant islet cells. Thirty days after the procedure, all 13 patients were producing insulin without requiring supplemental injections, and none experienced major complications. Liver...

Seeing the forest and the trees

... provides a measure of "biological insurance" that prevents large swings in carbon sequestration or any other service a healthy forest provides such as soil stability or fruit production that might arise from a single extinction scenario. "In general, we found that when you have more species, things are more...

Give thanks for the cranberry, say dental researchers

...rn out acid. Koo's team found that cranberry juice prevents bacteria from forming plaque by inhibiting those enzymes and by stopping additional bacteria from glomming on to the ever-growing goo. "Something in the cranberry juice disarms the pathogens that cause tooth decay," Koo said. But don't even think a...

MicroRNA gene that regulates lifespan found by Yale scientists

...icantly shorter than normal, suggesting that lin-4 prevents premature death. Conversely, over-expressing lin-4 led to a longer lifespan. They also found that a loss–of-function mutation in lin-14, the target of lin-4, caused the opposite effect -- a 31 percent longer lifespan. According to Slack, their resul...

Researchers quantify more noise in gene expression

...ic and extrinsic variation in gene expression also prevents genetically identical cells growing side-by-side from ticking in unison." Intrinsic noise resulting from low copy numbers of molecules has been the focus of earlier studies by Hasty's group. Its Nature paper focuses on extrinsic noise, an even large...

Genetic defenders protect crops from fungal disease

...genes described in the current study, called PEN2, prevents the fungus from penetrating cell walls in the first place. If this first line of defense breaks down, as it does in about 5 to 25 percent of normal Arabidopsis plants (depending on the mildew species), a second set of genes jumps into the fray. The...

Shorter colds, milder flu may follow from newly revealed immune mechanism

...esearchers will look further at precisely how CCL5 prevents cell death. "In this initial study, we identified the cellular receptor for CCLR and some of the first downstream signals that convey a survival message," Holtzman says. "Now, we aim to define more specific signaling proteins that allow the cell to...

Synthetic Protein Eases Arthritis Symptoms in Mice

...e National Institutes of Health (NIH). The protein prevents the assembly of a cell surface receptor, thus bloc... a form of PLAD blocks a cell surface receptor and prevents a needed chemical signaling pathway from functioning correctly. In ALPS, the signal pathway interrup...

Novel enzyme offers new look at gene regulation

...tivity. The authors showed that disruption of JmjC prevents JHDM1A from removing histone methyl groups. Importantly, the JmjC section of JHDM1A, or "JmjC domain," can be found in other proteins, even when the proteins share little else in common. Database searches predict more than 100 total proteins found i...

Sea slug mixes chemical defense before firing at predators

...e industries. The team has determined that escapin prevents the growth of all major forms of bacteria as well as other microbes. "As we learn more about how escapin works in Aplysia, we will hopefully be able to reproduce its chemical properties in the laboratory," said Derby. In addition to Derby, co-autho...

OHSU discovery sheds light into how stem cells become brain cells

...s us that in mice, Brg-1 is a critical signal that prevents stem cells from turning into neurons at the wrong time. However, since we can manipulate Brg1 expression in stem cells in culture, we now have a powerful way to generate neurons that could be used to replace cells lost in a variety of diseases and c...

Free HIV tests cheaper than charging when goal is preventing AIDS

...d counseling reduces high-risk sexual behavior and prevents HIV transmission, Thielman said. Testing also gives people access to services such as antiretroviral therapy, treatment for sexually-transmitted diseases and prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission. ...

Ancient DNA helps UF researchers unearth potential hemophilia therapy

...hose bodies don't produce enough of a protein that prevents prolonged bleeding. Now University of Florida researchers may be one step closer to finding a safe way to spur production of this missing protein in patients with the most common form of the hereditary bleeding disorder. Using a dormant strand of DN...

Clawed frog helps Fanconi anemia research make leaps

...ing a protein called geminin to the extract, which prevents the assembly of protein complexes essential to the beginning steps of replication, the scientists found the Fanconi proteins no longer accumulated on the DNA, even if the DNA was damaged. The implication, Hoatlin pointed out, is that even if the DN...

Neurons find their place in the developing nervous system with the help of a sticky molecule

...f that protein, an adhesion molecule called MDGA1, prevents neurons that normally make this protein from assuming their proper position, resulting in brain malformation, researchers report in the April 26th issue of the Journal of Neuroscience. As Dennis D. M. O'Leary, Ph.D., senior author of the study and ...

Gene needed for butterfly transformation also key for insects like grasshoppers

...se areas of DNA to be expressed. Suppressing broad prevents the changes from occurring. "Humans don't have the broad gene, but if they did and you suppressed it you'd have a baby that might grow to 6 feet tall but would still have the body proportions of a baby," Truman said. "It would still have the large h...

Lactic acid not athlete's poison, but an energy source - if you know how to use it

...Efficient use of lactic acid, or lactate, not only prevents lactate build-up, but ekes out more energy from the body's fuel. In a paper in press for the American Journal of Physiology - Endocrinology and Metabolism, published online in January, Brooks and colleagues Takeshi Hashimoto and Rajaa Hussien in UC ...

Patients now surviving once-fatal immune disease

...ho have a rare genetic immune system disorder that prevents them from making antibodies nevertheless appear to be moderately healthy and lead productive lives, according to results of a study by investigators at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital. A report on this study appears in the current online editio...

Flu not the only germ threat this time of year

...ve known for more than 100 years that hand washing prevents infection, but we still can't get people to wash their hands," said Falsey. "Hand washing is the simplest, most effective way to keep from getting sick and making others sick. But it's hard to get people to wash their hands." In the early 1990s Fals...

Sun protection for plants

...hese membranes. This unique nanoscale safety valve prevents plant damage by harmlessly dissipating the lethal excess radiation. This photoprotective process was found to be aided by a special carotenoid molecule called zeaxanthin and plants with higher levels of this molecule appear to be better protected. P...

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