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Tag: "pressure" at biology news

Smoking damages key regulatory enzyme in the lung

...cal effects of smoking, including changes in blood pressure and pulmonary function. Smokers' lungs also held onto the tracer chemical much longer than nonsmokers, and the delivery of tracer into the arterial blood supply was much lower for smokers, particularly for the first few minutes after being injected,...

Researchers learn how blood vessel cells cope with their pressure-packed job

...vessel in response to the rising-and-falling blood pressure produced by a beating heart. The researchers also demonstrated that inhibition of either Rho or a related protein called Rho kinase resulted in loss of the healthy alignment of stress fibers as well as alignment of adhesion sites where those stress...

Restaurant seafood prices since 1850s help plot marine harvests through history

...d 1500, a sure sign of over-fishing, but that such pressure on stocks was temporary. Even the most exploited species like cod and herring demonstrated ability to recover over time, with lessons for the recovery of such fishing grounds as the Gulf of Maine and Newfoundland, prolific until comparatively recentl...

Kenya halts first field trials of GM maize

...ust as saying that local scientists had yielded to pressure from international organisations and were "rushing projects". The maize was being grown in Kiboko by the Insect Resistance Maize for Africa (IRMA) project, a joint initiative of the Kenyan Agricultural Research Institute, the US-based Syngenta found...

Reducing antibiotic use lowers rates of drug-resistant bacteria

...y unchanged. This suggests that reduced antibiotic pressure allows drug-susceptible bacteria to re-establish themselves as dominant colonizers of the respiratory tract. Implementing intervention programs that are "focused on populations most exposed to antibiotics"--that is, children--is the first step in re...

Clinical trial to test stem cell approach for children with brain injury

...ow is try to prevent secondary damage by relieving pressure on the brain caused by the initial injury." Unlike bone, muscle and other organs, the brain does not repair itself effectively. Traumatic brain injury victims can regain some function through rehabilitation. Studies show between 15 and 25 percent ...

Key brain regulatory gene shows evolution in humans

...he beginning of a new pathway of exploring how the pressure of natural selection influenced evolution of other genes. They also said their finding demonstrates how evolution can act more efficiently to alter the regulatory segments, or "promoters," that determine genes' activity, rather than on the gene segm...

Fitting in: Newly evolved genes adopt a variety of strategies to remain in the gene pool

...blications that have focused on a single selective pressure as the basis for the retention of gene duplicates," explains Dr. Uwe Sauer, principal investigator on the project and Professor at the Institute of Molecular Systems Biology at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich. "We show that, at l...

Sahara's edge studied from ground, air and space to improve water management

...s exhaustion of groundwater, plus loss of artesian pressure to put remaining supplies out of reach or induce contamination from nearby saline water deposits. Working with partners including African water agencies, ESA has commenced a project called Aquifer to develop satellite-derived products and services ...

Overfishing may drive endangered seabird to rely upon lower quality food

...n late summer and early fall regardless of fishing pressure or oceanographic conditions. "If we look back 100...cture of impacts of oceanic conditions and fishing pressure throughout the past century. ...

Some good news for the world's poor

...ter employment opportunities as well as the upward pressure on wage rates in the labor market. Explaining the large difference in impact between the 15,000 lifted out of poverty in India and the 800 in China, Dr. Fan said this was because China had already achieved rapid and very large reductions in poverty ...

Phenolic compounds may explain Mediterranean diet benefits

...e produced by inflating and then deflating a blood pressure cuff. The response is known as ischemic reactive hyperemia. Poor responsiveness to this sort of blood flow test is considered an early warning sign of cardiovascular disease. Previous studies have linked high-fat meals to poor endothelial function la...

Asleep in the deep: Model helps assess ocean-injection strategy for combating greenhouse effect

...injected into oceans under various temperature and pressure conditions. Zhang's model shows that liquid CO2 would have to be injected to a depth of at least 800 meters (about a half mile) and possibly as much as 3,000 meters (nearly two miles) to keep it from escaping. Eruptions from injected CO2 are a serio...

Cheap, rapid hand-held check for HIV

Political pressure has finally seen the price of antiretroviral therapy for HIV slashed in poorer countries. But a lack of cheap, simple diagnostics to enable doctors to use these complex treatments remains a stumbling block. Now scientists from two New York universi...

Getting old? Slowing down? Blame inefficient mitochondria

...ions. A power station burns fuel to build up steam pressure and uses that pressure to drive a turbine linked to a dynamo. This in turn generates electricity. In mitochondria, the fuel...

Overfishing in inland waters reduces biodiversity and threatens health

...ame time, some fish populations respond to fishing pressure with reductions in mean size at maturation. Allan and colleagues identify two main types of overfishing. One leads to marked declines in catch per unit effort and size of individuals captured. The second type is characterized by sequential declines ...

Liquid ventilation

...ygen to it. Being full of liquid, the problems of pressure associated with conventional assisted respiration are avoided because the lungs of the premature baby suffer less stress and respire more easily. However, this story does not have a happy ending. The respirator, for the moment, is no more than a p...

Predicting success

...ut evenly, fluids inside the tumor may be exerting pressure to prevent this. When the internal pressure created by these fluids rises above a certain level, it acts as a barrier that keeps drugs and other...

Natural selection at single gene demonstrated

...h some have suggested that the plant evolved under pressure from the spread of agriculture. Toomajian's group identified the gene variants through a comparison of 96 plants over 1,102 short fragments of the genome. Each variant was assigned a score based on the similarity of two plants around the FRI gene r...

Heart-healthy compound in chocolate identified

...n Blas islands off the coast of Panama. High blood pressure and other signs of cardiovascular disease are rare among the island-dwelling Kuna, who are also known to consume large amounts of flavanol-rich cocoa -- three to four cups per day. However, previous studies carried out by Norman Hollenberg's research...

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