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Tag: "precise" at biology news

Researchers discover new details about HIV-1 entry and infection

...atory developed a unique model system to study the precise mechanisms by which HIV-1 enters the lower reproductive tract of human females. The researchers separated and removed the outer lining of vaginal cells, which serves as the first barrier to the virus. The isolated preparation of intact, viable, vagin...

Exploring the molecular origin of blood clot flexibility

How do blood clots maintain that precise balance of stiffness for wound healing and flexibility to go with the flow? Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine and the School of Arts and Sciences have shown that a well-known protein structure acts as a molecular spring...

Scientists unveil piece of HIV protein that may be key to AIDS vaccine development

...gues provides us with a long-sought picture of the precise interaction between the HIV gp120 surface protein ... CD4-gp120 complex, the new finding delineates the precise stepwise engagement between gp120 and CD4. The researchers found that the gp120-CD4 encounter starts...

Cartilage discovery offers arthritis hope

...aring steel rods in reinforced concrete. But the precise structure of these fibres or 'fibrils' has remained a mystery for more than 40 years, so hindering any progress towards the development of potential therapies. Now, a team from The University of Manchester has used sophisticated electron microscope...

Ancient amphibians evolved a bite before migrating to dry land

...ly, direct analysis of fossil jaws would be a less precise means of determining the feeding methods of extinct species, Markey says. "Analysis of the sutures of the early amphibian species Acanthostega revealed that, while it had many adaptations to an aquatic lifestyle, it was more likely a biter than a...

The penalty of having a sister -- why sibling sex matters for male saiga antelopes

...lains that although they do not yet understand the precise mechanism behind this suboptimal development in male twins, its existence is clear. "When siblings in a litter vary in sex, maternal investment should be sex-specific, meaning that the male foetus grows bigger than the female. However, it seems there...

Researchers design pulsed mircrojet system to deliver protein drugs without pain or bruising

...t using needles. "The microjet system delivers precise doses into superficial skin layers, thereby mitigating pain," says Samir Mitragotri, a professor of chemical engineering at UCSB and a lead author of the paper. The system was designed as an alternative to the macro-scale systems that had been causin...

A 'traffic light' for neurons means 'go' for improving brain research

...ovides a tool that we didn't have before, which is precise on-or-off control over specific neural cells in living creatures and intact circuits," says Deisseroth, whose Stanford research group collaborated with researchers at the Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University in Fr...

Corals that can fight global warming may one day help fragile reefs

... microorganisms," reported Harvell. However, the precise connection between warmer waters and coral disease is unclear. "It is difficult to pinpoint yet how temperature stress decreases the immune response," said Harvell. "Although corals are near the base of the evolutionary tree, they are complicated ani...

Uniform language for describing genes of pathogenic and beneficial microbes

...t-microbe-environment interactions. By providing a precise vocabulary for the functions of these genes, scientists can compare among microbes the many processes that make up the interplay between a microbe and its host.? Dr. Tyler added: “PAMGO started out with the goal of creating terms to describe how mi...

In Iran, cheetahs collared for the first time

... in the country. The new collars will furnish very precise information on the routes that cheetahs use to travel between protected areas, and will reveal the key features in the landscapes that are critical to their survival. . "This is an amazing milestone in securing the long-term future for the Asiatic...

Iowa State scientists demonstrate first use of nanotechnology to enter plant cells

...ed a gene into a cell," Lin said. "There’s been no precise control as to whether the cells will actually incorporate the gene and express the consequent protein. With this technology, we may be able to control the whole sequence in the future." And once you get inside the plant cell wall, it opens up "who...

Toxoplasmosis infection trick revealed by scientists

...rate microarray the team were able to identify the precise sugars to which the parasite protein binds. Following this the team used a combination of NMR spectroscopy and cellular studies to characterise the behaviour and interactions of the parasite protein and host cell sugars. This means that the team have...

DNA repair proteins monitored at double-strand break

...e findings are important because disruption of the precise movement of these repair proteins can cause mutations, cell death or cancer, and the ability to track the process so closely will give researchers critical insights into what can go wrong with DNA repair. This could lead to novel ways to make cancer ...

Scientists identify prion's infectious secret

...workhorses, and they need to fold into complex and precise shapes to do their jobs. Prions are proteins that start out normally, but then at some point misfold—rather like an origami swan that comes out looking and acting instead like a vulture. But prions have another characteristic that enables them to ...

Amphibians in losing race with environmental change

...e OSU scientists point out that evolution is not a precise or perfect process - it takes time, is constrained by historic changes and compromises, and does not always allow a species to adapt in a way that meets rapidly changing conditions. Through genetic variation and natural selection pressures, some spe...

New research shows sharks use their noses and bodies to locate smells

...olfactory and lateral line input for efficient and precise tracking of odor-flavored wakes and that visual input can improve food-finding when lateral line information is not available," said Atema. "Since dogfish feed primarily in the dark hunting for crabs, lobsters, shrimp and small fish, their reliance o...

Human genetic 'deserts' are teeming with significant life

...e can be used to its best effect, the identity and precise location of all the protein-encoding and non protein-encoding genes in the genome will have to be determined. “The notion that mammalian transcriptomes [the set of all messenger RNA molecules produced in a population of cells] are made of a swarming...

Weizmann Institute scientists develop a general 'control switch' for protein activity

...red with other techniques: It allows the total and precise control over the activity of an engineered protein...nd to control these proteins’ activity levels in a precise manner by giving appropriate doses of the drug. Another potential future application is in agricultu...

Small, self-controlled planes combine plant pathology and engineering

...ained. “First, the autonomous UAVs maintain a very precise sampling path. We can establish a GPS waypoint in the center of an agricultural field, and the autonomous plane can circle around the waypoint at a set altitude, with about a meter variation up and down. Second, the autonomous technology enables us t...

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