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Tag: "photosynthesis" at biology news

CO2 sensing proves critical for fungal pathogens to adapt to life in air and human hosts

..., and of course play a critical regulatory role in photosynthesis in algae and plants; in addition, CO2 sensing and transport are involved in many cellular processes and virulence attributes of diverse pathogenic bacteria and fungi--in both B. anthracis, which causes Anthrax, and C. neoformans, which causes meningi...

Scientists map one of biology's critical light-sensing structures

...se light governs everything from seed germination, photosynthesis and pigmentation to patterns of growth and flowering. Now, for the first time, scientists have obtained a detailed map of one of biology's most important light detectors, a protein found in many species across life's plant, fungal, and bacterial kin...

Scientist uses form to explain function of key building blocks of life

...tems. Rubredoxin is a key part of processes like photosynthesis and respiration, where energy is converted from one form to another. "Variants of rubredoxin have evolved different sequences to transport electrons in the most efficient manner possible," Markley explains. "Different mechanisms have been put forwa...

Plants, too, have ways to manage freeloaders

...lf the bacteria and provide oxygen and energy from photosynthesis in return for nitrogen needed to make proteins. Such mutualism is puzzling, however, Simms said. "Mutualism is a paradox because natural selection acts on individuals, so why would an individual do something costly that benefits another individual?...

Hot-spring bacteria flip a metabolic switch

...e sun goes down, these cells quit their day job of photosynthesis and unexpectedly begin to fix nitrogen, converting...osynthetic cells, since the oxygen produced during photosynthesis inhibits the nitrogenase complex--the enzyme factory that fixes N2. Other organisms have found creat...

Human albumin from tobacco plants

...the gene is introduced into the chloroplast, where photosynthesis takes place and where the genomes can multiply up to 10,000 times. A property highly valued by the experts has to be added to these positive results: the production of albumin from plants using this technique does not involve the escape of genes th...

MIT: Oceans are a major gene swap-meet for plankton

... It can convert the sun's energy into food through photosynthesis using only 1,700 genes, something the human body cannot do with 30,000 genes. In fact, despite all of our technological ingenuity, we cannot even mimic this process." Chisholm, who is co-director of MIT's Earth System Initiative, explained that as b...

Sun protection for plants

... hope that this knowledge could be used to improve photosynthesis rates, and therefore productivity, in staple crops...s such as Arabidopsis could be used to improve the photosynthesis rates of staple crops such as rice and the common bean. Professor Julia Goodfellow, BBSRC Chief E...

Deep-rooted plants have much greater impact on climate than experts thought

...s. The researchers estimate this effect increases photosynthesis and the evaporation of water from plants, called t...anspiration, by 40 percent in the dry season, when photosynthesis otherwise would be limited. "This shifting of water by roots has a physiological effect on the plan...

NASA study solves ocean plant mystery

...s the primary element missing for algae growth and photosynthesis in the northern portion of the tropical Pacific, w...tons of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere through photosynthesis and use this carbon to create the food that nearly all other organisms on Earth depend on for life. ...

A more powerful and efficient engine for rice: the C3-C4 challenge

...be done." Many of the world's leading experts on photosynthesis attended the five-day workshop. They were warned t...nt, where the "C" refers to the carbon captured by photosynthesis for growth. To do this, C4 plants--such as maize--use solar energy more effectively for growth. Dr...

Food-crop yields in future greenhouse-gas conditions lower than expected

...ect of rising CO2, primarily because CO2 increases photosynthesis and decreases crop water use. Although more than 340 independent chamber studies have been analyzed to project yields under rising CO2 levels, most plants grown in enclosures can differ greatly from those grown in farm fields, Long said. FACE has be...

How plants avoid feeling the burn

... initial interest was to more fully understand how photosynthesis works," said Fisher. Because our center focuses on electron transport in a single molecule, Devens Gust and Tom and Ana Moore suggested that we look at single molecule transport in carotene." To get at the heart of the problem, Fisher had to attemp...

Researchers develop flood-tolerant California rice

...nt's oxygen and carbon dioxide supplies, affecting photosynthesis and respiration. Submerged, the plants lack the gases needed to produce sugar for cellular energy, resulting in death if submergence persists beyond four days. Bailey-Serres notes that access today to information about the rice genome ?all the gen...

New flood-tolerant rice offers relief for world's poorest farmers

...dioxidesupplies are reduced, which interferes with photosynthesis andrespiration. Because the submerged plants lack the air and sunlightthey need to function, growth is inhibited, and the plants will dieif they remain under water for more than four days. During any given year, yield losses resulting from flooding...

Harmful Algal Blooms monitored from space in Chile

...land, algae employ green-pigmented chlorophyll for photosynthesis -- the process of turning sunlight into chemical energy. The chlorophyll collectively tints the colour of the surrounding water, providing a means of detecting these tiny organisms from space with dedicated 'ocean colour' sensors onboard satellites. ...

Engineer ramps up protein production, develops versatile viral spheres

...t time how glucose, the abundant sugar produced by photosynthesis and used in many organisms, can be used to power cell-free protein synthesis. "We are delighted to honor Professor Swartz with the Gaden Award this year," says journal Editor Douglas S. Clark, a chemical engineering professor at the University of C...

Climate experts search for answers in the oceans

...the sea, absorb atmospheric carbon dioxide through photosynthesis and convert it into organic carbon. This process is known as primary production. While individually microscopic, phytoplankton chlorophyll collectively tints the surrounding ocean waters, providing a means of detecting these tiny organisms from space...

Plants give up answers in the war on bacteria

...assumed that these tiny ports were busy with their photosynthesis business and were merely unwitting doorways to invading bacteria on a plant's surface. Melotto and Underwood, however, have discovered that stomata are an intricate part of the plant's immune system that can sense danger and respond by shutting down....

A buffet for early human relatives

...oad classes depending on the way in which they use photosynthesis to convert sunlight, water and carbon dioxide into plant matter and oxygen. Carbon isotope ratios reveal the extent to which the relatives of early humans ate so-called C3 plants, which include fruit and leaves from trees in both the forest and savan...

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