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Tag: "pathogen" at biology news

Controlling wildlife trade key to preventing health crises, study says

...said, "A fungal disease called chytridiomycosis, a pathogen that has been spread by the international trade in African clawed frogs, is now threatening some 30 percent of all of the amphibian species worldwide with extinction. And even parasites on animals in the trade carry animal and human pathogens, such a...

Techniques available to detect soil that inhibits destructive soybean pest

...llular organisms, are the most destructive soybean pathogen in the United States. The nematodes were first documented in Japan in the early 20th century and first reported in the United States in 1954. However, evolutionary biologists believe the pests were probably present in both areas as much as thousands ...

Purdue researchers find key to rice blast fungus

... discover the molecular machinery that enables the pathogen to blast its way into rice plants. The fungus, Ma...ngicides or new resistant rice plants to hold this pathogen at bay. However, rice blast fungus is able to quickly evolve new tricks to tackle rice plants, appar...

New classification of eukaryotes has implications for AIDS treatment, agriculture and beyond

... three examples. 1) Pneumocystis, an opportunistic pathogen causing mortality in AIDS patients and immunocompromised individuals, is now known to be a fungus, indicating a different treatment regimen is needed. 2) Phytophtora, an organism causing potato blight, such as the one that caused the Irish famine in ...

Plant wounds trigger bacteria

...iversity microbiologist Steve Winans says that the pathogen Agrobacterium tumefaciens enters the wound where it copies the genes required for infection, which can slip into the plant's cells and their nuclear DNA, causing a cancer-like disease called crown gall. The cells of the crown gall tumor synthesize ...

CO2 sensing proves critical for fungal pathogens to adapt to life in air and human hosts

...d the CO2-sensing mechanism of C. neoformans. This pathogen normally infects the human host (a high-CO2 environment) from the air (low CO2) in the course of causing deadly fungal meningitis. The authors found that an enzyme called carbonic anhydrase (CA) plays a critical role in the yeast's growth in ambient ...

K-State researchers study insects' immune system

...ime in the mosquito. The question is, how does the pathogen survive? For a disease like malaria, the parasite... be able to defend against it. Understanding how a pathogen can survive might result in ways to disrupt the transmission of diseases, Kanost said. "Insects are...

Computer models aid understanding of antibody-dependent enhancement in spread of dengue fever

...to any disease in which partial immunity increases pathogen replication rates. "Experimental dengue vaccines will soon be entering into large-scale clinical trials. We must understand the processes that affect transmission--such as antibody-dependent enhancement--to design optimal dengue vaccination strateg...

Lethal needle blight epidemic may be related to climate change

...ecipitation apparently helping to spread spores of pathogen Biologists studying a lethal blight of lodgepole ... die. D. septosporum has long been recognized as a pathogen of pines, but although it is considered a serious disease of exotic plantations in the Southern Hemi...

Scientists observe how a close bond activates the immune system

...imited variety--allowing the body to recognize any pathogen it might encounter. Just as police need evidence of a crime to begin an investigation, T cells must recognize a specific antigen before they start to fight an infection. Dendritic cells constantly scour the body for antigens and present these to ...

Plants have a double line of defence

...ecies of plant and "make it sick". If a particular pathogen is unable to attack a plant, that means that the plant is resistant to it ?in other words, it cannot host the pathogen. This durable type of immunity of a plant to parasites is called nonhost resistance. Although, in nature, nonhost resistance stops...

Breaking the mold: Research teams sequence three fungus genomes

... to 70 degrees Celsius. The fungus becomes a human pathogen because it's perfectly comfortable at body temperature, 37 degrees C. Altering ambient temperatures in the lab, TIGR scientists tracked gene activity, documenting different A. fumigatus genes that turned on and off, as the environment warmed. The...

Plant defenses prompt bacterial countermeasure in the form of 'island' DNA excision

...n the molecular mechanisms employed by a bacterial pathogen to survive in the face of its host plant's defense...ng interactions between strains of the halo-bright pathogen and bean plants, the researchers found that the pathogenic bacteria essentially kicks out a section ...

Harnessing genomic research

...tant for the survival and growth of the salmonella pathogen during infection is using this knowledge to generate mutant bacterial strains that may be useful as vaccines. Experiments under way have shown several mutant bacterial strains to be highly effective as vaccines. In comparative studies one of the new ...

Worms know bad food when they smell it

..., showed a clear preference for E. coli over the pathogen they were familiar with. The researchers went on to show that it did not take a lifetime of exposure to a toxic food source for the worms to learn to avoid it. In fact, just four hours in the presence of P. aeruginosa was enough for the worms to ...

Web model of influenza-host lifecycles will aid scientists in creating anti-viral drugs

...e has displayed interactions between an infectious pathogen and its host, Dr. Scheuermann said. Pathogens such as influenza have evolved to use hosts to promote their growth, while at the same time blocking the host reactions that recognize and respond to infection. Each year, for example, winter is marked b...

Wisconsin scientists discover a master key to microbes' pathogenic lifestyles

... in the soil to that of a potentially deadly human pathogen is just a breath away. Inhaled into the lungs of a mammal, spores from a class of six related soil molds found around the world encounter a new, warmer environment. And as soon as they do, they rapidly shift gears and assume the guise of pathogenic...

Newly identified mechanism helps explain why people of African descent are more vulnerable to TB

...om the lung disease each year. TB is caused by the pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis, but infection does not automatically result in full-blown disease. In the U.S., minority and foreign-born populations have significantly higher rates of TB than the overall U.S. average, according to the Centers for Diseas...

Common bacteria pirate natural mechanism to get inside cells

...in. This is not only applicable to this particular pathogen but for many more." Dr. Daaka, who studies receptor signaling, likens receptors to television antennae that control relay of signals from outside the cell to inside by turning on or off. Although there are no known receptors that have the job of tri...

Marine mammals are on the frontline of failing ocean health

... avian bird flu, but they can also be sentinels of pathogen pollution. They are often the first victims of these diseases," says Pat Conrad from the University of California at Davis. "By paying attention to them, it will tell us about our own health and the links between our health and that of the environme...

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