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Tag: "pancreas" at biology news

Darkness unveils vital metabolic fuel switch between sugar and fat

...ene previously was thought to be restricted to the pancreas and gastrointestinal tract. Yet messenger RNA for...e's expression in their livers ?it remained in the pancreas and stomach. The gene was expressed in the livers of some mice from a double-mutant strain that has...

Johns Hopkins lab scientists tame overactive CF protein

...ck, sticky mucous in several organs, including the pancreas and the lungs, leading to malnutrition, chronic lung infections and lung damage. Cells have a built-in quality-control machinery called ERAD (endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation), which chemically "marks" defective proteins for destruction ...

Researchers discover which organs in Antarctic fish produce antifreeze

...teins (AFGP) originate primarily from the exocrine pancreas and the stomach, say Cheng, Paul A. Cziko and Cliv...rs found the absence of liver synthesis and strong pancreas expression in newly hatched fish larvae and young juveniles. The exocrine pancreas is the larger of...

Successful transplantation from pig embryos to mice

... available for transplantation. Insulin-producing pancreas tissues from animals could potentially provide a nearly unlimited supply for transplantation. But until now, attempts to transplant such animal tissues into non-human primates have evoked a fierce immune response. However, embryonic tissues, such as ...

New study reveals signaling pathways required for expansion of pancreas stem cells

...system. Islet beta cells are spread throughout the pancreas and are made up of two types of cells: alpha cells...stry. "Our work focused on guiding stem cells, or pancreas progenitors, to differentiate into beta cells. This approach required that we increase the number of...

Immune system police learn early and sometimes badly

...ore of the ones that recognize autoantigens on the pancreas and we need the ones that recognize tumors to be less frequent." The fact that most regulatory T cells in the body come directly from the thymus, not from other circulating T cells, also was previously unknown, Dr. Pacholczyk says. "Where they come...

Gardenia fruit compound starting point for diabetes therapy

... UCP2 appear to inhibit insulin secretion from the pancreas and increase the risk of type 2 diabetes. "We thi...nsulin secretion in control but not UCP2-deficient pancreas cells. They further found that acute addition of genipin to isolated pancreatic tissue reversed hig...

Increased sensitivity to nerve signals keeps diabetes at bay

Nerve signals relayed directly to the pancreas after eating a meal play a critical role in normal...reatment, the researchers said. Mice in which the pancreas cells that produce insulin, or beta cells, lack so-called M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors deve...

Insulin receptor stops progression of Alzheimer's disease

...is known to destroy insulin producing cells in the pancreas and cause diabetes. When injected into the brains of rats, the compound mimicked the neurodegeneration of Alzheimer's disease ?plaque deposits, neurofibrillary tangles, diminished brain size, impaired cognitive function, cell loss and overall brain d...

Gene chip technology shows potential for identifying life-threatening blood infection

...e - a toll greater than deaths from breast, colon, pancreas and prostate cancer combined. Currently, a diagnosis of sepsis or non-infectious systemic inflammation is made by sending cultures of patients' blood, sputum, or urine to the laboratory for analysis, which can take several days. Gene chips could c...

Autoimmune disease triggered if T cells miss a single protein early on

...ites where autoimmune diseases emerge, such as the pancreas in the case of type 1 diabetes, or the joints in rheumatoid arthritis. The discovery, from a mouse model of a human autoimmune condition, suggests that effective strategies to treat autoimmune disease should target not only the "peripheral" sites ...

Proteins anchor memories in our brain

...ites where autoimmune diseases emerge, such as the pancreas in the case of type 1 diabetes, or the joints in rheumatoid arthritis. The discovery, from a mouse model of a human autoimmune condition, suggests that effective strategies to treat autoimmune disease should target not only the "peripheral" sites ...

Nano-devices hold promise for early-stage cancer detection

...ening in target organs systems such as the breast, pancreas and gastrointestinal tract and the relaying of information to an external receiver; developing ingestible and insertable non-invasive imagers for routine screening of pancreatic and gastrointestinal tumors; sensors that can detect food- and water...

Diabetes slows nerve recovery after heart transplant

...mellitus is a chronic disease that occurs when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or when the body cannot effectively use the insulin it produces. Such a deficiency results in increased concentrations of glucose (sugar) in the blood, which can damage many of the body's systems. Diabetes mellitus is ...

Major link in brain-obesity puzzle found

...wn as adipose tissue, as well as the liver, heart, pancreas and muscle. Rui and his team also explored the role of SH2B1 in fat cells, finding that the knockout mice that lacked the SH2B1 gene stored away much more fat than normal mice, and had much larger fat cells ?giving them two-and-a-half times more ...

Researchers first to map gene that regulates adult stem cell growth

...ll populations in tissues such as the liver, skin, pancreas or brain may be similarly affected by Latexin. This could open up new therapeutic strategies such as using stem cells for the treatment of other diseases and conditions such as liver disease, diabetes and central nervous system damage as a result of ...

Elucidation of the genome for diabetics with DNA chips

...eins playing major roles in the development of the pancreas and of insulin-producing cells: TCF7L2, HHEX, EXT2 and SLC30A8. TCF7L2 and HHEX encode transcription factors (molecules regulating the activity of other genes) controlling the Wnt signalling pathway essential for cell survival. Studies in animals...

Decoding protein structures helps illuminate cause of diabetes

...ays. "Somehow that mechanism is causing holes [in pancreas cells], which cause disease." To break down this dynamic process, he adds, "We need tools that not only allow us to probe the molecular structures, but also look at how the structures change in time." Zanni's research group uses a method, known as...

Adult stem cells from human cord umbilical cord blood successfully engineered to make insulin

...ch complex signals produced by the embryonic mouse pancreas were used to direct adult stem cells to begin developing, or "differentiating," into islet-like cells. As they grew these adult stem cells in the laboratory, the researchers conducted other tests in which the cells to be engineered showed evidenc...

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