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Tag: "oxygen" at biology news

U-M scientists discover identifying markers for primitive blood-forming stem cells

...ells lining the inside of blood vessels that carry oxygen throughout bone marrow and the spleen. "The presence of HSCs in sinusoidal endothelium could explain how stem cells are able to enter the bloodstream so quickly," Morrison adds. "It also suggests that endothelial cells produce substances that regula...

Bone marrow stem cells may heal hearts even years after heart attacks

...ow cell transplantation, an improvement of maximum oxygen uptake by 11 percent and of 18F-fluor-desoxy-glucose uptake by 15 percent, which represents myocardial metabolism and viability, into infarct tissue was observed," Dr. Strauer said. "The stem cell therapy demonstrates that restoration is possible, c...

New factor implicated in allergy and asthma attacks

...hemically hyperactive molecules known as "reactive oxygen species," which are spawned by interactions betwee...containing NADPH oxidase produce damaging reactive oxygen species in cell culture and, in experiments with mice, in their lungs and airway lining fluid. The r...

Plants reveal a secret and bring researchers nearer a cleaner future

...t because it is directly involved in the molecular oxygen formation. They suggest, furthermore, an extension of the "Kok cycle" with an additional intermediate and propose a new reaction mechanism on a molecular basis for the release of dioxygen. This gives new insight into the mechanism of photosynthesis. ...

War on terror meets war on cancer

... bacteria can come from metabolism of the food and oxygen they consumed," and not from water outside the cel...nd showed cotton in the counterfeits had different oxygen isotope ratios than Texas-grown cotton in legitimate bills. Early counterfeits had cotton that isoto...

Molecular cabal contributes to stroke damage

...e neural train wreck that is stroke, the cutoff of oxygen kills brain cells through a buildup of acid, as we...nking two key components of neuronal damage due to oxygen starvation, or ischemia. One component is a type of receptor called an NMDA receptor (NMDAR). This r...

Sickle cell disease corrected in human models using stem cell-based gene therapy

...small blood vessels, depriving tissues of adequate oxygen supply. This can cause pain, anemia, infections, organ damage, and stroke. Approximately 80,000 people in the United States have this inherited condition, which is primarily found in people of African, Mediterranean, Indian, or Middle Eastern origin....

University of Delaware researchers develop cancer 'nanobomb'

...osely packed nanotubes have been seen before in an oxygen environment, creating ignition. However, the work reported by Panchapakesan uses the localized thermal energy imbalance to set off explosions that are intrinsic in nature. Panchapakesan said the nanobombs are just that, tiny bombs on the nanoscale...

Dangerous tricksters: Some bacterie use immune cells to reproduce

...nry is concentrated: the phagosome is flooded with oxygen radicals and acid. Another kind of membrane bags, the lysosomes, merge with the phagosome and confront the microbe with highly reactive digestive enzymes. A few hours after the first alarm bells have rung there is nothing left of the bacterium, and t...

Katrina floodwaters not as toxic to humans as previously thought, study says

...ife in the area, Pardue says. He believes that low oxygen levels in the water that is being pumped back into Lake Pontchartrain could result in fish kills. He also says that heavy metals being discharged into the lake, particularly copper and zinc, can be toxic to fish and other marine life and may bioaccum...

Brain activity related to processing faces is similar in people with, without autism

...ons or thought processes, they emit enhanced blood oxygen level dependent signals. The signals can be localized in the brain and translated into digital images that portray neural activity level as a ratio of oxygenated to de-oxygenated hemoglobin, the iron-containing pigment in red blood cells. Researchers...

Blocking the nerve receptor EP1 in mouse models reduces brain damage caused by stroke

...h that triggers brain damage caused by the lack of oxygen during a stroke. The Hopkins study, conducted on m...ral ischemia (stroke) and seizures, that interrupt oxygen flow to the brain also cause excessive activation of so-called NMDA receptors by the nerve chemical ...

Novel protein complex enables survival in hostile environment

... sulfite. "Early earth had a lot of sulfide but no oxygen until about 2.7 billion years ago. Then, the reaction of the small amounts of oxygen with sulfide would have produced an incomplete oxidation product ?sulfite," he said. "Methanogens pr...

New brain scan technology could save babies' lives

...he brain is actually functioning, e.g. in terms of oxygen supply and blood flow. Combining the advantages of MRI and ultrasound but avoiding their disadvantages, MONSTIR, the first scanner of its kind in the world, uses an innovative technique called optical tomography to generate images showing how the br...

Limiting the damage in stroke

...low of blood to brain cells deprives them of vital oxygen and nutrients. But the fate of the cells seems to depend on what happens next. Scientists discovered that damaged and dying brain cells are very actively using an internal "communications network" known as the NF-kB signalling pathway. Cells have man...

Cord blood cells may widen treatment window for stroke

...core region of the brain most severely deprived of oxygen and nutrients when a stroke hits. Instead, the researchers suggest, many nerve cells within ground zero of the attack, like those in mild to moderately damaged outlying areas, may succumb over several days through a slower, more orderly process known...

Brainstem blocks pain to protect key behaviors

...FF cells during sleep could mask the discomfort of oxygen deprivation. Fields suspects that the link between eating and pain relief, in a society where the risks of caloric plenty far exceeds those of predation, may even be related to obesity. "Are OFF cells promoting bravery," he asked, "or gluttony?" ...

Plants, too, have ways to manage freeloaders

... Nodule cells then engulf the bacteria and provide oxygen and energy from photosynthesis in return for nitrogen needed to make proteins. Such mutualism is puzzling, however, Simms said. "Mutualism is a paradox because natural selection acts on individuals, so why would an individual do something costly th...

Odd energy mechanism in bacteria analyzed

...eeded for the algae that produce about half of the oxygen that enters Earth's atmosphere every day. The carbon cycle ultimately affects all plant and animal life on Earth. However, it's now clear that SAR11 has its own mechanism to use sunlight energy that does not involve chlorophyll. Rather, it uses re...

UCR environmental scientists propose chemical solution to cleaning California's Salton Sea

...t contribute to algae growth, odors, low dissolved oxygen and fish-kills in the Salton Sea. A clean-up of the Salton Sea and consequent development of the surrounding region could help meet the needs of California's growing population, support commercial growth in the neighboring Imperial and Coachella Va...

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