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Tag: "oxygen" at biology news

Purdue scientists may have found key to halting spinal cord damage

...But, in fact, you can starve the nervous tissue of oxygen for up to an hour without harm if only you control the acrolein levels," Shi said. "This paper suggests that the body is generally pretty resilient but that acrolein may be something it can't handle." Shi said that some drugs already under developme...

Most common lung cancers may begin in newly discovered cells

...r-like sacks lined with microscopic vessels, where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged. At the junction of the bronchioles and alveoli, other groups have found evidence of cells that are resistant to damage and are involved in repair and maintenance of tissue. They have proposed that these junctions mi...

Oxygen increase caused mammals to triumph, researchers say

The first, high resolution continuous record of oxygen concentration in the earth's atmosphere shows that a sharp rise in oxygen about 50 million years ago gave mammals the evolutionary boost they needed to dominate the planet, a...

Lance Armstrong through a physiological lens: hard training boosts muscle power 8%

...s power production when cycling at a given maximal oxygen uptake." Combining the increased muscular efficien...lab they measured his performance against standard oxygen consumption and by the end of the study he was much more efficient utilizing the same amount of oxyg...

Genetic discovery could lead to drought-resistant plants

...n dioxide needed for photosynthesis and to release oxygen back into the atmosphere. This new information will be important to plant breeders looking to improve crop resistance to drought, as well as to those seeking to understand plants' evolutionary responses to climate, says Campbell. "These genes are of...

Study shows eutrophic lakes may not recover for a millennium

...irs to soupy, weed-choked pools. It contributes to oxygen depletion, which leads to fish kills, and can stimulate the growth of toxic algae. According to the study, industrial agriculture, with its reliance on phosphorus-rich fertilizers, is the primary source of much of the excess nutrients responsible fo...

Elderly mice yield clues to the process of growing old

...ds that oxidative stress -- the body's reaction to oxygen and the production of reactive, cell-damaging molecules known as free radicals -- is responsible for the aging process. According to the new Science report, markers of oxidative stress did not parallel the accumulation of mitochondrial genetic mutat...

Duke Experiments Boost Radiation's Cancer-Killing Effects

...-1 behaves in a cancer cell. Cells that are low in oxygen or "hypoxic" do not respond as well to radiation a...erapy. Blocking HIF-1 production does not increase oxygen levels, but it does alter the behaviors that are caused by hypoxia. Similarly, tumors with an intac...

IBM Transforms the Art of Scientific Expeditions

...-1 behaves in a cancer cell. Cells that are low in oxygen or "hypoxic" do not respond as well to radiation a...erapy. Blocking HIF-1 production does not increase oxygen levels, but it does alter the behaviors that are caused by hypoxia. Similarly, tumors with an intac...

MERIS monitoring tracks planetary photosynthesis levels

...o chemical energy, along the way producing all the oxygen we breathe. The fraction of incoming solar radiation useful for photosynthesis that is actually absorbed by vegetation ?a value known as the Fraction of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (FAPAR) ?is well-recognised as an indicator of i...

Microbe has huge role in ocean life, carbon cycle

...en. About half of photosynthesis and the resulting oxygen on Earth are produced by algae in the ocean, and microbes like SAR11 recycle organic carbon - producing the nutrients needed for algal growth. "Ultimately, SAR11 through its sheer abundance plays a major role in the Earth's carbon cycle," Giovannoni...

Toxic flood lifts lid on common urban pollution problem

...ed particles of material, as well as high chemical oxygen demand, an indicator of the presence of organic ch...her aquatic life because they reduce the levels of oxygen in the water, impinging on its ability to support life. Particulates cloud water, reducing sunlight ...

Study uncovers dirty little secret: Soil emissions are much-bigger-than-expected component of air pollution

...p of highly reactive gases containing nitrogen and oxygen in varying amounts. Besides producing ozone smog, they help form the dirty brown clouds that often hang over major cities, they contribute to acid rain and they play a role in global climate change. In addition to equatorial Africa, hot spots for so...

Researchers Discover Gene That Determines Asthma Susceptibility By Regulating Inflammation

...irways. These “inflammatory?cells release reactive oxygen species (ROS), causing the airway lining to swell and restrict. ROS is thought to cause lung tissue damage as well. ROS levels are normally offset by antioxidants in non-asthmatics. Recently, researchers have been hunting for novel genes that regulat...

New tooth enamel dating technique could help identify disaster victims

...ropped substantially as the carbon-14 reacted with oxygen to form carbon dioxide, which was taken up by plants during photosynthesis and mixed with the oceans. "Because we eat plants and animals that live off plants, the carbon-14 concentration in our bodies closely parallels that in the atmosphere at any ...

New study finds how cells with damaged DNA alert the immune system

...attery of abuse, including heat shock, pH changes, oxygen deprivation and starvation. However, the only type of stress that set off the sequence of events associated with impairment of a cell's genetic material -- the DNA damage pathway -- was exposure to radiation and chemotherapy drugs. They found that c...

Renewed hope for Parkinson's patients

...attery of abuse, including heat shock, pH changes, oxygen deprivation and starvation. However, the only type of stress that set off the sequence of events associated with impairment of a cell's genetic material -- the DNA damage pathway -- was exposure to radiation and chemotherapy drugs. They found that c...

Eliminating bacterial infections out of thin air

... off. The infected tissues typically show depleted oxygen levels, and a protein called HIF-1 alpha regulates...teria killing is increased under conditions of low oxygen due to HIF-1 upregulation, and that bacterial infection upregulates HIF-1. In fact, upregulation of ...

Clean skies=faster global warming?

... off. The infected tissues typically show depleted oxygen levels, and a protein called HIF-1 alpha regulates...teria killing is increased under conditions of low oxygen due to HIF-1 upregulation, and that bacterial infection upregulates HIF-1. In fact, upregulation of ...

Oceans turning to acid from rise in CO2

...lls of marine organisms and can interfere with the oxygen supply. If current trends continue, the scientists believe the acidic water could interrupt the process of shell and coral formation and adversely affect other organisms dependent upon corals and shellfish. The acidity could also negatively impact ot...

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