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Tag: "oxygen" at biology news

Lungs try to repair damaged elastic fibers

...i, he said. Alveoli play a role in the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and the circulatory system. A 2-year-old could do it Very young children who suffer lung injuries increase elastin expression and produce new elastic fibers inside the alveoli, Woods said. Adults do not have...

Osteoarthritis may be sign of faster 'biological ageing'

...luding insufficient repair of the damage caused by oxygen free radicals (oxidative stress). Oxygen free radicals are the unstable molecules produced as a by-product of normal bodily processes, as well as external factors, such as tobacco, alcohol, and sunlight. Osteoarthritis is the most common form of ...

By 2048 all current fish, seafood species projected to collapse

...res, harmful algal blooms (red tide, for example), oxygen depletion, fish kills and coastal flooding. "The good news is that it is not too late to turn things around," Worm said. The scientists studied 48 areas worldwide that have been protected to improve marine biodiversity. "We see that diversity of sp...

U of M researchers invent 'flashy' new process to turn soy oil, glucose into hydrogen

... here because we vaporize the fuel and mix it with oxygen before it sees the catalyst so it doesn't burn to char. This is potentially 100 times faster than what is currently available to make syngas and hydrogen." Schmidt gained national attention in February 2004, when a team he headed invented a simila...

Researchers to study why dead zone returned to Lake Erie

...06,190 for five years. A dead zone is an area of oxygen starved water that cannot sustain aquatic habitat, said Scavia, who is also the director of Michigan Sea Grant. In the Lake Erie case, researchers will examine three main culprits and the relationships among them: excess phosphorous; zebra mussels; a...

Mechanical 'artificial hearts' can remove need for heart transplant by returning heart to normal

...e heart, either directly or by a tube. They remove oxygen rich blood from the left ventricle and take the bl...echanical pump. The mechanical pump then pumps the oxygen rich blood into another tube which is connected to the aorta. Once blood is in the aorta, it can be ...

It's in your head: The brain's own globin defends you from shock and stroke

...neuroglobin is involved in the brain's response to oxygen deprivation and plays a protective role against br...rotect neuron survival and recovery in areas where oxygen supply is reduced. "Understanding that our brains have a hemoglobin-like molecule in our head tha...

New fMRI technology making brain tumor surgery safer

... MRI creates a series of images that capture blood oxygen levels in parts of the brain that are responsible ...ured by BrainLAB and marketed as iPlan BOLD (blood oxygen level dependent) MRI Mapping. It has been used successfully in 12 surgical cases so far at Universit...

New imaging technique tracks traffic patterns of white blood cells

..., a protein inside red blood cells that help carry oxygen throughout the body. Abnormal hemoglobin polymerizes, and red blood cells become sickle-shaped. Sickle-shaped red blood cells then clog blood vessels by sticking to white blood cells and depriving the body of needed oxygen. Using this new imagin...

Breathing easy: When it comes to oxygen, a bug's life is full of it

...rsity in Berlin, Germany. This allows them to keep oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in balance. Too great a concentration of oxygen is toxic, causing oxidative damage to the insect’s tissues, just as it does in humans. Hetz is o...

Brain works more chaotically than previously thought

...erest. It has long been known that in the event of oxygen deficiency or a severe epileptic fit, large numbers of insulating cells in the white matter are destroyed. The trigger for this damage is our old friend, the neurotransmitter glutamate. "Nobody knew until now where the glutamate actually comes from,"...

MIT's ocean model precisely mimics microbes' life cycles

...lants that dominate the ocean and produce half the oxygen we breathe on Earth. And it does so in a way that is consistent with the way real-world ecosystems evolve according to the principles of natural selection. Scientists use models such as this one to better understand the oceans' biological and che...

Volcanic eruptions, ancient global warming linked

...ate with major marine anoxic events ?periods of no oxygen in the deep-ocean water ?which we think are triggered by high surface productivity of plankton that have responded to nutrients released into the ocean by hydrothermal activity," Duncan said....

Chemicals in brown algae may protect against skin cancer

...et to skin cells and neutralize the cancer-causing oxygen radicals that are produced by UV exposure." Laboratory research has shown that BAPs are strong antioxidants and may have anticancer properties. For this study, Stoner and his collaborators used a strain of hairless mice that are particularly ...

Engineering the heart piece by piece

...careful control of conditions such as temperature, oxygen and carbon dioxide levels, nutrients and pH level. This can then encourage the cells to begin producing the kinds of molecules needed to signal to and connect with other cells, and to produce the extracellular matrix that supports cells in tissue. ...

Microfossils unravel climate history of tropical Africa

...to the sea floor and are buried in sediments where oxygen does not penetrate, they can be preserved for thousands of years. The ratios between the different molecules from the algal cell membrane can be used to approximate the past temperature of the sea surface. These techniques are therefore called 'proxi...

Boosting brain power -- with chocolate

...d vessels, allowing more blood ?and therefore more oxygen ?to reach key areas of the brain. Flavanols are not only found in chocolate with a high cocoa content ?they are also present in other substances such as red wine, green tea and blueberries. He presented his research at the annual meeting of the...

Walking molecule now carries packages

...In the human body, the molecule hemoglobin carries oxygen from and carbon dioxide to the lungs, thereby allo...ich consists of three fused benzene rings with one oxygen atom on each side. An organic compound, anthraquinone is widely used in the pulp industry for turnin...

Freeze! Scientists film proteins at work by freezing them at different states

...ight oxidative stress, produced by outflows of the oxygen metabolism. In humans, about 2% of the oxygen used to breathe is transformed into this toxic “superoxide radical?molecule, instead of water. This ...

Researchers create artificial enzyme that mimics the body's internal engine

...e final receptor of the electrons is a molecule of oxygen that is transformed into water and, in the process...n four electrons, it can produce partially reduced oxygen molecules, and these are known to be very toxic." The two most deleterious forms of reduced oxygen a...

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