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Tag: "organ" at biology news

Smoking damages key regulatory enzyme in the lung

... blood pressure, and the lung is a major metabolic organ in degrading some of these compounds, Fowler said. So reduced levels of MAO A in smokers' lungs may be a significant factor contributing to some of the physiological effects of smoking, including changes in blood pressure and pulmonary function. Smo...

Researchers find gland that tells fruit flies when to stop growing

...nogaster, the common fruit fly, have discovered an organ that assesses the size of the juvenile and signals...ound that the prothoracic gland, a major endocrine organ situated just in front of the brain, assesses the fly's size as it grows during the larval stage. Th...

New antifreeze protein found in fleas may allow longer storage of transplant organs

...aham. "If we can drop the temperature at which the organ is safely stored, there will be a longer preservat..."springtails" because of the distinctive springing organ under their abdomen which allows them to leap hundreds of times their one-millimeter length. Dr. Gra...

MicroRNA gene that regulates lifespan found by Yale scientists

Genes that control the timing of organ formation during development also control timing o...l clock" that runs for aging as well as for normal organ development. Included results showed the developmental programs that these genes regulate are modula...

Sickle cell disease corrected in human models using stem cell-based gene therapy

...n supply. This can cause pain, anemia, infections, organ damage, and stroke. Approximately 80,000 people in the United States have this inherited condition, which is primarily found in people of African, Mediterranean, Indian, or Middle Eastern origin. There is no known cure other than stem cell transplant...

New clues to the dark side of a key anti-tumor guardian

...ing osteoporosis, decreased stress resistance, and organ atrophy. The work is reported by Stephen Helfand and colleagues at Brown Universtiy, University of Connecticut Health Center, and University of Texas Southwest Medical Center. The researchers investigated the role of p53 in aging by observing the ...

Study reveals genomics of inflammation from severe injury

...luding bloodstream infection (sepsis) and multiple organ failure. How and why inflammation turns from healing to harming is still mysterious, so doctors can't accurately predict how each injured patient will fare. To address these issues, scientists have produced the genomic equivalent of a time-lapse mo...

Study Unlocks Insects?Secret for Love in the Dark

...luding bloodstream infection (sepsis) and multiple organ failure. How and why inflammation turns from healing to harming is still mysterious, so doctors can't accurately predict how each injured patient will fare. To address these issues, scientists have produced the genomic equivalent of a time-lapse mo...

New view of cancer: 'Epigenetic' changes come before mutations

...pigenetic disruption of progenitor cells within an organ or tissue, altered by abnormal regulation of tumor-progenitor genes. This leads to a population of cells ready to cause new growth. The second step involves an initiating mutation within the population of epigenetically disrupted progenitor cells at...

New study examines how sense of smell affects mating and aggression in mice

...mones through a specialized organ--the vomeronasal organ (VNO) in the nose--that is separate from the main olfactory system. Pheromones are olfactory cues that signal the social and sexual status of individuals of a species, and their detection is a key step in regulating behaviors such as mating and aggre...

Same-sex mating by fungi spawned infection outbreak, evidence suggests

...mmonly affects immune-compromised patients such as organ transplant recipients and cancer patients -- whose immune systems are crippled by immunosuppressive drugs or chemotherapy -- and people with HIV/AIDS. In contrast, C. gattii infects individuals with apparently normal immunity. Symptoms include persis...

The dangerous legacy of lead

...earch underscores the burden lead may pose to many organ systems, McCabe said. The National Institutes of Health is funding the research. An estimated 434,000 children in the United States under age 5 have lead levels in their blood that are higher than the limit set by the Centers for Disease Control. To...

How Fruitflies Know It's Time for Lunch

...to the ring gland, a crucial metabolism and growth organ in flies. Other axons contact the protocerebrum, a structure close to brain centers for learning and remembering odors. A third set of these axons extend to throat muscles—which is surprising because most subesophageal ganglion neurons have no connec...

New understanding of regeneration gained by Forsyth scientists

...on blastemas, undifferentiated cells from which an organ or body part develops, consistent with a role in long-range signaling relevant to specification of blastema positional identity. Dr. Levin and Taisaku Nogi closed down the gap junctions to determine the impact on regeneration. As a result, the plan...

Cancer support cells may evolve, fuel tumor growth, study shows

...selective pressure," Van Dyke said. "Now the whole organ is evolving as a cancer, not just a single population of cells."If the research suggests a need to look at cancer development as a more dynamic process, it also indicates a need for expanding the approach to treatment, said Van Dyke. "If the changes...

Olfactory system detects pheromones that control reproduction

...in a specialized structure, called the vomeronasal organ (VNO). Although the VNO resides in the nasal cavit...vior. By contrast, male mice lacking a vomeronasal organ were able to mate. The researchers also discovered that LHRH neurons in the olfactory-deficient male...

The brain is broadly wired for reproduction

...-- triggered by pheromones -- from the vomeronasal organ (VNO) in the nasal septum. However, the systems are not entirely parallel. Buck and her colleagues have shown that the VNO can detect some odorants. And conversely, there is evidence that some pheromone signals require input from the nose in addition...

Engineered Stem Cells Show Promise For Sneaking Drugs Into The Brain

... right place in the brain. The brain is a complex organ with many different types of cells and structures, and it is fortified with a protective barrier erected by blood vessels and glial cells -- the brain's structural building blocks -- that effectively blocks the delivery of most drugs from the bloodst...

USC researchers track down the stem cells that create feathers

...ic journey that may ultimately shed light on human organ regeneration. The research, published in the Dece... model to understand the fundamental principles of organ formation and regeneration," Chuong notes. "Nature is the best teacher for tissue engineering. What ...

Scientists directly view immune cells interacting to avert autoimmunity

...egulatory T cells to treat autoimmune diseases and organ transplant rejection. By pinpointing where and how regulatory T cells work in vivo in mouse models, the researchers hope to better adapt the regulatory T cells for therapeutic use in the future. For example, Tang said, one can imagine that at the ear...

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