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Tag: "occurs" at biology news

Defective immune system response to smallpox vaccine detailed in new study

...ication of smallpox vaccination. Eczema vaccinatum occurs almost exclusively in people who have a history of atopic dermatitis, a common, non-contagious skin disorder also known as eczema. "This new research, the first to be published by Atopic Dermatitis and Vaccinia Network scientists, illuminates one po...

Researchers develop portable 'vein finder' for faster, more accurate injections

... below." The Doppler effect is a phenomenon that occurs when electromagnetic and sound waves interact with a moving object, altering wavelengths and frequency. For example, a police radar gun sends microwave signals to a moving car, and when signals bounce back, the change in their frequency provides a me...

Alternatives to the use of nitrate as a fertiliser

...ration produced in the enzymes), unlike that which occurs in the majority of these states. The activation of some antioxidant enzymes is reflection of stress that ammonium produces in plants. Moreover, this reaction can favour the growth of plants tolerant to ammonium in another situation of added stress. ...

Carbon cycle was already disrupted millions of years ago

...d rocks from seabeds millions of years old. Carbon occurs naturally in two stable forms; atomic mass 12 (99 percent) and atomic mass 13 (1 percent). Episodes in the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods were characterised by a relatively strong increase in 12C. The analyses have shown that this was caused by a su...

UF researchers develop ways to keep the bloom on the rose

...failure of the flower to open. Bent neck typically occurs in the first three days after purchase. "Generally, this problem has been greatly reduced due to use of improved handling procedures from grower to consumer and better rose varieties developed by rose breeders," Nell said. "As seen with the reductio...

Macrophage signaling may affect hormone resistance in prostate tumors

...epress the tumor. If we can show the same process occurs in animals and in people, we may be able to block the "de-repression" of these genes, and develop more effective drugs to target prostate cancer tumors," Rose said. The UCSD research team explored the possibility that external signaling from macroph...

Biologists visualize protein interaction that may initiate viral infection

...number 3 defines a specific protein. "The binding occurs on dendritic cells, which are usually one of the first lines of defense in the immune system," Kuhn said. "The first step in a virus infecting a cell is usually the attachment of the virus to the receptor. That's essentially what we are looking at, e...

Viral 'fitness' explains different resistance patterns to aids drugs

...eir medications. For other medications, resistance occurs only when patients take most of their pills. These differences appear to be explained by the different levels of viral "fitness" of the drug-resistant HIV, say AIDS researchers in a new study. The research, led by David Bangsberg, MD, MPH, an AIDS s...

Relationship of brain and skull more than just packaging

...lly when it is not part of a syndrome, but when it occurs alone." The researchers report in a recent early online publication of the Journal of Experimental Zoology: Molecular and Developmental Evolution: "Our study represents the first empirical evidence of phenotypic integration of brain and skull in 3D,...

A clue from macaques yields evidence for impaired retroviral defense genes in humans

...lity to defend against retroviruses. This mutation occurs at a very high frequency in some ethnic groups, leading the authors to conclude that past periods in human history corresponding to relatively low levels of retroviral infections may have allowed impaired versions of retroviral defense genes--such as...

Worm hormone discovery may aid fight against parasitic disease

...o the same types of hormones." The dauer diapause occurs naturally in C. elegans when the worm senses from its environment that conditions are not favorable for maturing, such as when food is scarce. Dr. Mangelsdorf said cholesterol and other signals derived from the worm's food source are required to laun...

Tumor cells that border normal tissue are told to leave

...nd shows more precisely how the metastatic process occurs and might be stopped. Their study appears in the January 10 issue of Developmental Cell. "What actually kills in cancer is not the primary tumor--it's metastasis," says senior author Ross L. Cagan, Ph.D., associate professor of molecular biology and...

AIDS drug from sunflowers

...al practice as they seem to be at present.' DCQA occurs in the artichoke and wild chicory, though in extremely small doses. The market price is therefore currently ?,000 per milligram. 'We want to attempt to cultivate sunflower cells or other plant cells in a nutrient solution together with the mould scl...

Rewind, please: Nature paper shows that cell division is reversible

...ible may, in fact, be reversible." Cell division occurs millions of times each day in the human body and is essential to life itself. In the lab, Gorbsky and his OMRF colleagues were able to control the protein responsible for the division process, interrupt and reverse the event, sending duplicate chromo...

Creation of antibiotic in test tube holds promise for better antibiotics

...lase enzyme to re-create the process that normally occurs in a strain of the bacterium Lactococcus lactis found naturally in milk. They demonstrated how just one protein (NisC) makes 10 new chemical bonds in a stereochemically defined fashion. Specifically, they showed that NisC is responsible for the forma...

Yale researchers find environmental toxins disruptive to hearing in mammals

...hether TBT or salicylate, which is a chemical that occurs naturally in plants and is a component of aspirin, interfered with the guinea pigs' ability to hear. He found that TBT, salicylate, or otherwise altering the extracellular chloride levels in the cochleas, interfered with the balance of chloride in th...

Genetically engineered mosquitoes show resistance to dengue fever virus

...quitoes resistant to infection. This vulnerability occurs when the virus replicates and its single strand of RNA -- a chemical cousin of DNA -- briefly becomes double–stranded. At this point, the virus is vulnerable because of a naturally occurring protein called dicer-2. This protein initially has no effec...

Enzyme crystal structure reveals 'unexpected' genome repair functions

...cause of the damage from a variety of sources that occurs to its base pairs of nucleotides. It is estimated that in every human cell more than 10,000 DNA bases are repaired each day, making NER critically important for cell survival and protection against mutations. NER is a critical defense mechanism that ...

Newly discovered killer cell fights cancer

...enger, and, according to the researchers, the swap occurs only once. Then, the cell dies and is replenished by the bone marrow. "When an IKDC cell switches to its messenger function, the transformation is quite astonishing," says Pardoll. The cell sprouts long, hairy tentacles called dendrites. It uses...

New weapon in battle against osteoporosis

... "We found that a specific variant of the CB2 gene occurs more frequently among the patients than among the healthy control group," says Dr. Karsak. Individuals who carry this defect in their genetic make-up are not destined to have problems. However, as she points out, "Women with this mutation have a thre...

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