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Tag: "occurs" at biology news

Preventing a pandemic: Study suggests strategies for containing a flu outbreak

...opeful. If -- or, more likely, when -- an outbreak occurs in humans, there is a chance of containing it and preventing a pandemic. However, it will require a serious effort, with major planning and coordination, and there is no guarantee of success," said coauthor Elizabeth Halloran of Emory University. "E...

Prions rapidly 'remodel' good protein into bad, Brown study shows

... humans. Because similar protein self-replication occurs in neurodegenerative diseases, the findings, published in the latest issue of Nature, may also help explain the progression of Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases. Graduate student Prasanna Satpute-Krishnan and Assistant Professor Tri...

Studies on human genome variation provide insight into disease

...common human genomic disorders, DiGeorge syndrome, occurs in one of every 2,000-4,000 live births and involves a deletion on chromosome 22. The deletion is mediated by rare repetitive sequences that flank genes crucial for proper development of the heart, face, and upper thorax. Dr. Bernice Morrow and her...

Housecat-sized Siberian tiger cubs get collared

...common human genomic disorders, DiGeorge syndrome, occurs in one of every 2,000-4,000 live births and involves a deletion on chromosome 22. The deletion is mediated by rare repetitive sequences that flank genes crucial for proper development of the heart, face, and upper thorax. Dr. Bernice Morrow and her...

Study provides insight into cellular defenses against genetic mutation

...ecules in the RNA chain. If a stop reading signal occurs too far ahead of the final exon in the chain, as m... believe a stop codon is labeled premature when it occurs more than 55 nucleotides upstream (toward the 5-prime end) of an exon-exon junction. If these sp...

Plant wounds trigger bacteria

...ants, tree or vines near the ground where freezing occurs during winter and a wound forms in spring. Such fruit trees as cherries and peaches, raspberries and high-quality vine grapes like chardonnay and cabernet sauvignon tend to be susceptible to the disease, which can stunt or kill a plant. Grafting can ...

Fresh water affected by salt from deicing roads

...e there more roads, but the amount of deicing that occurs is increasing and gradually adding salt to fresh water systems reports Sujay Kaushal and colleagues in the September 2005 issue of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. The scientists used historical records over the last 30 years ...

New molecule may aid in production of biofuels and fungi-resistant plants

...bundant resource and, most importantly, because it occurs in several types of plague organisms and parasites, chitin degradation is of great interest to humanity. For example, insects might be combated by interfering with their chitin metabolism. Insect viruses need to degrade insect chitin for infection. F...

Regenerating worms help elucidate stem cell biology

...d. Destruction of a planarian's neoblasts, which occurs when scientists expose the animal to radiation in the laboratory, is devastating. "The animal will survive on the virtue of its differentiated cells," Sánchez Alvarado said, "but as the tissues begin to turn over and there are no stem cells to replac...

Building a better mouse model of lung cancer: FHIT counts

...ervical cancers as well. Because the loss of FHIT occurs so early in lung cancer, mice that are missing tha...bner, noting that loss of one copy of the VHL gene occurs in several types of human lung cancer. Huebner says there is still plenty of room for improvement i...

The first laugh: New study posits evolutionary origins of two distinct types of laughter

... is self-generated and strategic. "Laughter that occurs during everyday social interaction in response to banal comments and humorless conversation is now being studied," write Matthew Gervais and David Sloan Wilson. "The unstated issue is whether such laughter is similar in kind to laughter following fro...

Study uncovers placental microtransfusions lead to transmission of AIDS virus during childbirth

...ction." It appears that transmission of the virus occurs during labor -- when contractions occur -- rather than during passage of the baby through the birth canal, he said. "It has been known for a long time that HIV-infected women who undergo caesarean section before they go into labor do not transmit th...

Pillows - a hot bed of fungal spores

... ground pepper and spices. Invasive Aspergillosis occurs mainly in the lungs and sinuses, although it can spread to other organs such as the brain, and is becoming increasingly common across other patient groups. It is very difficult to treat, and as many as 1 in 25 patients who die in modern European tea...

Oil spills and climate change double the mortality rate of British seabirds

...t guillemots in Britain, even though the pollution occurs hundreds of miles from the birds' breeding grounds. The research, which is to be published in the November issue of Ecology Letters also shows a direct link between a warmer climate in the North Atlantic and a higher mortality rate among British guil...

NIAID researchers show how promising TB drug works

...evious research suggesting that resistance usually occurs when M. tb lacks components called FGD1 and F420, neither of which interacts directly with the drug. Next, the investigators screened for PA-824-resistant M. tb that retained sensitivity to a close relative of PA-824. Within this subgroup of PA-824-...

Toasty oat aroma influenced by presence of health-linked polyphenols

...illard reaction which is the browning process that occurs when foods are roasted or baked. Polyphenols have...ientist points out that the Maillard reaction also occurs in the human body as part of the aging process, in tanning, hardening of the arteries, and diabetes ...

Chemical compound inhibits tumor growth, size in new mouse study

...illard reaction which is the browning process that occurs when foods are roasted or baked. Polyphenols have...ientist points out that the Maillard reaction also occurs in the human body as part of the aging process, in tanning, hardening of the arteries, and diabetes ...

New neurons take baby steps in the adult brain

...one to a pulsed exposure. The third and final step occurs when the new neuron receives connections that communicate via another chemical, the critical excitatory messenger glutamate. In the adult brain, glutamate is the most prevalent excitatory chemical, and GABA is a major inhibitory chemical. But it tur...

Nanoparticles, nanoshells, nanotubes: How tiny specks may provide powerful tools against cancer

...ould preferentially accumulate in the tumors. This occurs because blood vessels that develop in fast-growing solid tumors are ill-formed and permeable, and nanoshells traveling through blood end up spilling out of these leaky vessels into tumor tissue. Once there, the tumor only slowly excretes them as wast...

Researchers know what you were about to say; fMRI used to detect memory storage and retrieval

... According to Polyn, this "bootstrapping" effect occurs as a brain area called the hippocampus helps sort through the storage bins of memory, returning the brain to its state at the time of the initial experience. Polyn believes that the knowledge of how the brain uses its memories could be applied to de...

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