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Tag: "occurs" at biology news

Anammox bacteria produce nitrogen gas in oceans' snackbar

...the global conversion of nutrients to nitrogen gas occurs in these areas. In 'The Proceedings of the National Academy of Science of the United States (PNAS)' of Tuesday 19 April, researchers from Bremen and Nijmegen state that this conversion is not carried out by denitrifying bacteria, as was believed for ...

Chromosome Deletion Predicts Aggressive Neuroblastoma

...nts for 10 percent of all pediatric cancers, often occurs as a solid tumor in a child's abdomen or chest. Some cases of neuroblastoma are low risk, and resolve after surgeons remove the tumor. Other cases are more aggressive, and are more likely to resist initial treatment, or to cause a relapse. Identifyin...

Roots Engage in Underground Chemical Warfare

...eam uncovered a critical aspect of the battle that occurs between plants and microbes. ...

NYU and MSKCC research provides model for understanding chemically induced cancer initiation

...arette smoke, are known to damage DNA. This damage occurs at special positions of the p53 gene, called mutation hot spots, which have been previously linked with cigarette smoke. This molecular link between chemical DNA damage and cigarette-associated lung cancer has been called the "smoking gun." In the s...

Friendly bacteria in humans may protect against HIV

... the major mucosal surfaces where HIV transmission occurs with the HIV-capturing lactobacilli may provide a safe and cost-efficient method for preventing the spread of HIV, says Tao. "This method can protect infants against HIV in breast milk and women against HIV upon sexual contact unobtrusively and inco...

Study reveals dramatic difference between breast cancers in US and Africa

...der," said Olopade. In America, most breast cancer occurs after menopause, usually in the late 50s or 60s. In Africa, it most often strikes women in their 40s. The average age of the African women in this study was 44. Studies suggest that the rate and genetic profiles of breast cancers in African American...

Protein prevents detrimental immune effects of bacterial sepsis

.... Severe inflammatory response syndrome, or SIRS, occurs when the body's response to an overwhelming infection becomes uncontrolled. The very immune response meant to clear the pathogen and its toxins actually causes damage to the host's own tissues when it goes into overdrive, releasing too many immune si...

Gladstone investigators discover how resting T cells avoid HIV infection

...cles. Thus, this antiviral action of A3G that only occurs in activated T-cells can be overcome by Vif. The results have launched the search for a new class of antiviral drugs that block the action of Vif, which would leave A3G poised and able to unleash its antiviral effect from inside viral particles. In ...

Python a 'hearty' eater

... provide insights into how remodeling of the heart occurs in adapting to prolonged exercise and in response to some diseases. The python does not eat frequently; it's more of a binge eater. James Hicks at the University of California, Irvine, together with his colleagues, discovered the snake's tell-tale h...

Wake Forest scientists find new combination vaccine effective against plague

...Medical Center in Winston-Salem. Pneumonic plague occurs when an individual breathes in plague bacteria. Untreated, the victim dies within three to four days. "We have also established that flagellin is an effective adjuvant in monkeys immunized with flagellin and a Yersina pestis antigen," he said. "The i...

Microarrays as phenotype

...nism. The protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathway occurs when the organism encounters starvation. The pathway enables the single cells to combine into a multi-cell organism. "We pretended we did not know the order of genes in the pathway," said Shaulsky. "We were able to reconstruct the pathway from the m...

Natural Killers Could Lead to New Hepatitis Treatments

...general immune activator and does not reflect what occurs during an actual infection, he noted. Such knowledge would offer important insights into the mechanism of inflammation and liver damage due to infections, he said. ...

Active Vaccine Prevents Mice From Developing Prion Disease

...rsion of prion disease that affects humans usually occurs spontaneously, and only rarely as a result of eating contaminated meat. "The potential use for a prion vaccine in humans is still theoretical," says Dr. Wisniewski. "But if, for example, there is ever a more significant outbreak of chronic wasting d...

Researchers pioneer new gene therapy technique using natural repair process

...mologous recombination is a fairly rare event that occurs when DNA strands of one chromosome break, creating a damaged section. Cells have two copies of nearly every chromosome (one each from the mother and father) and they must duplicate these during cell division so that the subsequent cells will also hav...

Antiretroviral Therapy May Prevent HIV Transmission From Breastfeeding Mothers To Infants

...er baby, transmission of HIV-1 through breast milk occurs in approximately 9 to 16 percent of breastfed infants. In the developing world, many HIV-infected mothers breastfeed rather than use formula due to the high cost of formula, lack of a safe water supply, and cultural norms. Roger L. Shapiro, MD, MPH,...

Vitamin A's paradoxical role in influencing symmetry during embryonic development revealed

... as well as the human body. Patterning of the body occurs along three main axes: the head to toe, which arranges organs and structures (front, eyes, nose, mouth, jaw, neck, shoulders, etc.) sequentially; back-front, which distinguishes our back from our front; and left-right, which distinguishes our left an...

Massey Cancer Center researcher helps to identify a piece of the cancer puzzle

...a greater understanding of the cell signaling that occurs when cancer cells try to co-opt nearby healthy cells into helping to feed and spread growing tumors. The structure of the protein, Ang2, will be published this week in "Structure" a peer-reviewed scientific journal. "By examining structures of prot...

Critical step traced in anthrax infection

... along the path to understanding how translocation occurs in this system," Collier said. One of the greatest strengths of the experiment, according to Collier, was the integrative use of technologies applied to the testing procedures. Both cellular systems and model electrophysiological membrane systems we...

Stem cell treatment improves mobility after spinal cord injury

...n human clinical tests." Acute spinal cord damage occurs during the first few weeks of the injury. In turn, the chronic period begins after a few months. It is anticipated that the stem cell treatment in humans will occur during spinal stabilization at the acute phase, when rods and ties are placed in the ...

Immune system's distress signal tells bacteria when to strike back

...erdy. "We suspect something very similar, however, occurs in all sorts of infections." Inflammatory bowel disease patients, for example, have elevated cytokines ?the chemical messengers that trigger an immune response ?in the bowel. "These could signal the bug," said Alverdy, "then the bug strikes back and...

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