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Tag: "nucleus" at biology news

Discovery clarifies role of peptide in biological clock

...ological clock, an area called the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), keep 24-hour time and are normally synchron...es cross. There are roughly 10,000 neurons in this nucleus on either side of your brain. The timekeeping mechanism in these cells depends on daily cycles in ge...

Of mice and men's (and women's) contraceptives

... RNA (mRNA) molecules and transports them from the nucleus into the cytoplasm. There, MSY2 proteins stabilize the mRNAs, which are used to make new proteins. Many of these proteins are critical for the production of normal sperm and also are unique to germ cells. "When trying to develop a new contraceptive,...

Cellular Defects in Premature Aging Disease are Reversible

... that acts as the scaffolding which holds a cell's nucleus together. Lamin A is defective in HGPS cells because the mutation creates an aberrant splice site in the lamin A gene; the aberrant splicing, or joining the separate parts of the gene together, results in synthesis of a truncated lamin protein. Witho...

After a time-shift, mixed signals from the circadian clock

...hin a brain structure known as the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). The clock is synchronized to environmental cycles of light and dark. It is well known, from everyday experience, that adjusting to new light schedules takes several days, though the details of how this adaptation takes place are not well under...

Double triumph in stem cell quest

... cells to a surface and spin them until the denser nucleus is forced out. Then the team take cells from adults and fuse them with the enucleated ESCs. The idea is that the cytoplasm of an enucleated ESC will reprogram the donor nuclei, turning the fused cell into an ESC too. The result, Verlinsky told a con...

Protein helps regulate the genes of embryonic stem cells

...caffold supporting the roughly 35,000 genes in the nucleus of every human cell. Histone modifications affect gene activity and include methylation, in which a methyl component is attached to the histone protein. The prevailing model is that methylation on histones serves as a docking site for proteins that ...

Silence the gene, save the cell: RNA interference as promising therapy for ALS

... transfers the genetic code for a protein from the nucleus to the site in the cell where the protein is synthesized. To trigger RNA interference and silence a gene, short bits of double-stranded RNA are introduced in the cell, where they bind with matching sections of messenger RNA. The cell identifies the ...

Alzheimer's cognitive decline slowed

...nergic input from forebrain nerve cells called the nucleus basalis, and in the cerebellum, a structure associated with cortical plasticity. In addition to Tuszynski, authors of the paper in Nature Medicine, were Leon Thal, M.D., UCSD chair of neurosciences, director of the UCSD Shiley-Marcos Alzheimer's Dis...

Multi-purpose protein regulates new protein synthesis and immune cell development

...aspects," Kaufman explains. "First, it signals the nucleus to stop synthesizing new proteins to give the ER t...g in the endoplasmic reticulum can also signal the nucleus to regulate gene rearrangements required for B cell differentiation," Kaufman says. "It's a complete...

50-year-old Mystery Solved: Protein Tags Regulate Key Ion Channel

...tion -- until now thought to be active only in the nucleus -- also occurs near the cell's surface where it re...lear proteins, is active and essential outside the nucleus at the plasma membrane," said study author Steven Goldstein, M.D., Ph.D., professor and chairman of ...

Molecular Motors Cooperate In Moving Cellular Cargo, Study Shows

... the nucleus; kinesin moves material from the cell nucleus to the cell membrane. The little cargo transporters accomplish their task by stepping along filaments called microtubules. To measure such minuscule motion, Selvin and colleagues at Illinois developed a technique called Fluorescence Imaging with One...

Bird Brains Show How Trial and Error May Contribute to Learning

...f the forebrain called LMAN (lateral magnocellular nucleus of the anterior nidopallium). In the avian brain, LMAN receives input about complex movements from the basal ganglia and forwards the information to motor neurons that participate in song production. Without LMAN, scientists have long known, a young ...

New RNA polymerase discovered in plants

...re knocked out, the most tightly packed DNA in the nucleus becomes less condensed, small RNAs called siRNAs corresponding to highly repeated 5S rRNA genes and retrotransposons (jumping genes) are completely eliminated and DNA methylation at 5S genes and retrotransposons is lost. Methylation is a vital proce...

Novel ultrafast laser detection of cancer cells also may improve understanding of stem cells

...rley. "Mitochondria conspire to cluster around the nucleus and work together to supply energy to the healthy, functioning cell. In contrast, the mitochondria in the cancer cell sit all over, isolated and balled up in a quiescent, non-functioning state. Apparently, the rapidly growing cancer cells derive ener...

Nano-Probes Allow an Inside Look at Cell Nuclei

...toxic, they have the ability to remain in a cell's nucleus -- without harming the cell or fading out -- much ...ed the dots' journey from the area surrounding the nucleus to inside the nucleus, a feat that opens the door for real-time observations of nuclear trafficking ...

Alcohol's effects on gene expression in the central nervous system

...animal models: # Gene expression profiling in the nucleus accumbens, prefrontal cortex, and ventral tegmental areas show that distinct biological pathways are associated with alcohol's action in specific brain regions and certain mouse strains. "We were able to use gene expression profiling to determine th...

New Study from Affymetrix Laboratories Points to Changing View of How Genome Works

... all of the RNA that were exclusively found in the nucleus had not been previously detected. Any single base in the genome can be transcribed into several different transcripts with different, but overlapping sequences. Often, transcripts from one strand of DNA can share parts of their sequence with overlapp...

Color-blind method opens new doors in DNA sequencing

...be more accurate than current methods. DNA in the nucleus of every human cell is made of long chains of building blocks called nucleotides. DNA is made up of just four types of nucleotides ?referred to as A, C, G and T ?and is organized in such a way that A binds T and G binds C, forming a double helical st...

Cytoplasm affects the number of vertebrae in carp-goldfish clones

...improved understanding of the contributions of the nucleus and egg cytoplasm to the growth and development of vertebrates. ...

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