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Tag: "nucleus" at biology news

New understanding of jet lag

...dorsal and ventral sections of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the brain's central timekeeper, adjust to shifts in light schedules at vastly different rates, potentially causing the difficult period of adjustment that most people experience after air travel across several time zones. The researchers foun...

Clearing jams in copy machinery

...mage. The replication machinery inside the cell's nucleus is made up of a collection of enzymes including DNA polymerases, sliding clamps and clamp loaders. Bacteria have five known DNA polymerases (higher organisms such as humans have more). As the ring-shaped beta sliding clamp works its way along the DNA...

Sugar helps control cell division

...in two. The end result is cells with more than one nucleus -- a situation fairly common in cancer cells. "Cells with more than one nucleus can survive, but they are dysregulated -- things just don't go right," says Slawson. "The longer the...

Sleeping beauty plays a significant role in identifying cancer genes

...uced into mouse DNA and made to jump around in the nucleus of mouse cells. Eventually the transposons jumped into cancer-causing genes and caused a tumor to form. By isolating and studying the genes from tumors that contained Sleeping Beauty, researchers were able to efficiently find genes linked to cancer b...

Neurologix announces positive results of gene therapy clinical trial in Parkinson's disease

...-GAD via a hair-thin catheter into the subthalamic nucleus (STN), a deep brain structure known to function ab...irst, MRI was used to image the target subthalamic nucleus (STN) region of the brain. The STN was mapped using microelectrodes by recording from single neuron...

Elderly mice yield clues to the process of growing old

... DNA, genetic material that resides outside of the nucleus of a cell and that helps power critical cell processes. Such insight could also lead to strategies to restore some functions such as hearing by protecting mitochondrial DNA from naturally occurring mutations. Using mice genetically altered to have ...

A novel method to measure circadian cycles

...the exact relationship between the suprachiasmatic nucleus and the circadian rhythms of cultured fibroblast cells. Just how does this brain structure coordinate genetic imperatives with environmental input including light fluctuations? And frequent fliers, bleary-eyed in foreign time zones, may get an answer...

Engineered molecule amplifies body's immune response

...ich then use Stat molecules to send signals to the nucleus to increase the expression of genes needed to defend the host against infection. A balance in the amount of Stat signaling caused by interferon is very important. "When interferon levels are too low, the host is highly susceptible to infection," ex...

Researchers devise new technique for creating human stem cells

...d allow the elimination of the embryonic stem cell nucleus to create an embryonic stem cell from the somatic ...ing out a way to eliminate the embryonic stem cell nucleus in the hybrid cell, causing it to have a normal number of chromosomes. One problem, said Melton, is ...

Endocannabinoids ?the brain's cannabis ?demonstrate novel modes of action to stress

...team led by Atsushi Soya focused on the supraoptic nucleus (SON) where vasopressin and oxytocin are synthesized. They found that a synthesized cannbinoid (CP55,940) inhibited both excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission and that a balanced input can produce sustained changes in neuronal activity with...

Thinking the pain away? Study shows the brain's painkillers may cause 'placebo effect'

...te, the right anterior insular cortex and the left nucleus accumbens. When the researchers correlated the mu opioid activity changes with the participants' own ratings of their pain and emotions, they also observed that the placebo-induced activation of the opioid system was correlated with various element...

New clue to cocaine addicts' quirky behavior

...the prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus--and the nucleus accumbens, which is the region in the limbic syste...ed in learning and memory. The connections to the nucleus accumbens seem to be bidirectional, said the researchers, and the interactions with the prefrontal c...

Multi-species genome comparison sheds new light on evolutionary processes, cancer mutations

...re the threadlike "packages" of DNA located in the nucleus of each cell. When cells divide, a chromosome occasionally breaks and the fragment can get stuck onto another chromosome. In addition, fragments may break off from two different chromosomes and swap places. Chromosomal breakages, also referred to as...

Study shows how retinoic acid enters a cell's nucleus

...member of a group of compounds that enter a cell's nucleus and play a role in triggering transcription. This ... from the cell cytoplasm, where RA is made, to the nucleus requires passage through water, a difficult journey for a hydrophobic compound. For RA to rapidly en...

Invitrogen Launches i-Path -- A Unique Systems Biology Platform at BIO 2005

...re meiotic division is complete, when the enlarged nucleus is called the germinal vesicle (GV). Bjorn Heindr...ning calcium ionophore, which enabled the injected nucleus to prepare for the first embryonic division. Mr Heindryckx said: "Eighteen out of the 25 in vitro m...

Scientists succeed in cloning human embryos from eggs matured in the lab

...re meiotic division is complete, when the enlarged nucleus is called the germinal vesicle (GV). Bjorn Heindr...ning calcium ionophore, which enabled the injected nucleus to prepare for the first embryonic division. Mr Heindryckx said: "Eighteen out of the 25 in vitro m...

Researchers extend mouse lifespan by protecting against free radicals

...hs. The mice with increased catalase levels in the nucleus and cytoplasm saw only modest increases in lifespan. These results fit with the theory that mitochondria can be an important source of free radicals created as a byproduct of energy production. Removing hydrogen peroxide "at the source" seems to be t...

Gene silencing technique offers new strategy for treating, curing disease

...e segments of DNA housed in the chromosomes in the nucleus of every cell. Genes carry instructions for making...opies of messenger RNA, which then move out of the nucleus and into the body of the cell, where they go on to create a protein. Current techniques for turning...

SuperLigands - a database of ligand structures derived from the Protein Data Bank

...f a patient into a donated egg, or "oocyte," whose nucleus had been removed. This method is called "somatic cell nuclear transfer" or SCNT. Next, oocytes with the patient's genetic material were allowed to grow to the blastocyst stage, an early stage of embryo development. Stem cells were then derived from t...

Scientists generate patient-specific stem cells, Science study says

...f a patient into a donated egg, or "oocyte," whose nucleus had been removed. This method is called "somatic cell nuclear transfer" or SCNT. Next, oocytes with the patient's genetic material were allowed to grow to the blastocyst stage, an early stage of embryo development. Stem cells were then derived from t...

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