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Tag: "nucleus" at biology news

Human albumin from tobacco plants

...ion method, it integrates into the DNA of the cell nucleus of the leaf and, thus, can only manage a small number of copies of the gene. With the plastidial system, on the other hand, the gene is introduced into the chloroplast, where photosynthesis takes place and where the genomes can multiply up to 10,000 ...

Swiss researchers develop all-in-one remote control gene expression tool

...entiviral vector joins the genetic material in the nucleus of the cell, causing the cell to express the protein encoded by the new gene. This versatile package can also carry bits of RNA that stop the cell from expressing one of its own genes, by way of RNA interference. But the cargo that makes this tool re...

How the neuron sprouts its branches

...cture, a stacked system that resides near the cell nucleus in the middle of the cell," he said. "But mammalian neurons in the brain are huge, with a surface area about ten thousand times that of the average cell. So, it was an entirely open question where all the membrane components came from to generate the...

RNA splicing occurs in nerve-cell dendrites

... a process once believed to only take place in the nucleus of cells. By uncovering this capability in dendri...licing takes place within the cell nucleus. In the nucleus of a mammalian cell, a gene is copied into mRNA, which possesses both exons (mature mRNA regions des...

Researchers discover new form of cancer gene regulation

...ion through action of transcription factors in the nucleus of the cell. The altered gene expression profile then results in cellular differentiation, cellular proliferation or cellular death as pattern formation proceeds. An important signal transduction pathway critical to early development of humans an...

Scientists sequence DNA of woolly mammoth

... is organized on chromosomes located in the cell's nucleus (nuclear DNA). A mammoth was chosen for study in part because of its close evolutionary relationship to the African elephant, whose nuclear DNA sequence has been made publicly available by the Broad Institute in Cambridge, Massachusetts (USA). Usin...

Novel enzyme offers new look at gene regulation

...e. "Human genes are so tightly compact within the nucleus that if the DNA of a single cell were unwound and stretched, it would be a line of about two meters in length," said Zhang. "Histones are necessary to package the DNA so that it fits inside a cell's nucleus." Because they are so intimately associate...

Gene controls whether fear is a factor

...present at particularly high levels in the lateral nucleus and in the structures that relay information about learned and instinctive fear to the amygdala. One such gene was stathmin. In the current study, the researchers found that the brains of mice lacking stathmin showed an unusual number of microtubule...

Double trouble: Cells with duplicate genomes can trigger tumors

...one of the discoverers that the chromosomes in the nucleus of the cell carry the material of heredity, or genes. In 1914, he published what Pellman calls an "amazingly accurate and prescient" treatise suggesting, among other things, that genetic instability was a cause of malignant tumors. One way to obtai...

Anti-cancer drugs may hold promise for premature aging disorder

...urement of the nucleus. Cells with progerin have a nucleus with a characteristic "blebbed," or lobular, shape. To find its way to the lamina, lamin A carries two tags, rather like ZIP codes, that help to direct the protein's travels. One tag at the end of lamin A instructs another protein to modify it thro...

Researchers offer proof-of-concept for Altered Nuclear Transfer

... is implanted into a donor egg cell from which the nucleus had been removed. This egg cell is then tricked in...SCNT, but with one crucial twist: Before the donor nucleus is transferred into the egg cell, its DNA is altered so that the resulting blastocyst has no chance ...

Mouse genome much more complex than expected

... concludes. For example, the 'copiers' in the cell nucleus combine the different 'paragraphs' in the DNA encyclopedia with each other in different ways. Thus there may be several different mRNA copies derived from the same page, which in turn serve as a blueprint for different proteins. Only twice as many ...

Einstein scientists discover how protein crucial for motion is synthesised at the right place in the cell

...ssenger RNA and "escorts" it out of the fibroblast nucleus and into the cytoplasm. On reaching the cell's periphery, the messenger RNA is translated into actin protein responsible for cell motility. This new study reveals another key role for ZBP1: Not only does ZBP1 bind to actin messenger RNA and guide it...

Grabbing addiction by the tail

...n humans. During addiction to drugs, cells in the nucleus accumbens ?a tiny ball of tissue deep in the brain... But after repeated abuse of a drug, cells in the nucleus accumbens internalize glutamate receptors, compromising their ability to listen to the signals. Earl...

HIV inserts into human genome using a DNA-associated protein

...tive transcription units on chromosomes within the nucleus of human cells. These units are sites that lead to efficient expression of the viral genome. Most HIV-infected cells in a patient will have a very short life span, a day or less. "We surmise that this strategy helps the virus make hay while the sun i...

Scientists develop nanotech-laser treatment that kills cancer cells without harming healthy tissue

...ules of DNA, RNA or protein directly into the cell nucleus to fight various infections and diseases. "Nanotechnology has long been known for its applications in electronics," Dai concludes. "But this experiment is a wonderful example of nanobiotechnology--using the unique properties of nanomaterials to adva...

An essential regulator of body weight revealed

...in, and ghrelin deliver information to the arcuate nucleus about whether the body has sufficient calories and...bese. The other neurons that make up the arcuate nucleus are NPY/AgRP neurons, named for two proteins they produce, neuropeptide Y (NPY) and agouti-related p...

Scientists use gene transfer technology and common virus to block neuropathic pain

...he virus, called a vector, to deliver genes to the nucleus of neural cells. A study published today in the J...ientists use it as a carrier to deliver GAD to the nucleus of nerve cells in the dorsal root ganglion near the spine. In previous studies, the researchers have...

MSKCC researchers uncover structure of key protein complex in cells

...t nuclear pore complexes, portals that connect the nucleus with the cytoplasm beyond. These conduits permit the transfer of information both to and from the nucleus, and are vital to proper cell function. "The next step in this research is to probe the importance of the contacts observed in our structure wi...

Scientists use gene transfer technology and common virus to block neuropathic pain in animals

...he virus, called a vector, to deliver genes to the nucleus of neural cells. A study published today in the J...ientists use it as a carrier to deliver GAD to the nucleus of nerve cells in the dorsal root ganglion near the spine. In previous studies, the researchers have...

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