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Tag: "nucleus" at biology news

Scientists discover a genetic code for organizing DNA within the nucleus

... compressed around protein scaffolding in the cell nucleus into tiny spheres called nucleosomes. The bead-like nucleosomes are strung along the entire chromosome, which is itself folded and packaged to fit into the nucleus. What determines how, when and where a nucleosome will be positioned along the DNA seq...

Chromosomal abnormalities in sperm higher after vasectomy reversal

...ic chromosomes or chromosome sets exist within the nucleus of the cell) and diploidy (containing two sets of chromosomes ?unlike most cells in the body, the sex cells should only contain one set of chromosomes. "The rate of abnormality was about 10 times higher than the aneuploidy and diploidy rate in norm...

Production of key Alzheimer's protein monitored for first time in humans

...carbon atoms with 13 neutrons and protons in their nucleus instead of the more common 12 neutrons and protons--in scientific parlance, carbon 13 instead of carbon 12. "Normally only about 1.1 percent of the carbon atoms in our bodies are carbon 13--the vast majority is carbon 12," Bateman notes. "Physiolog...

What's shaped like a pear and has 2 genomes? Check the pond

...y silent during growth. Inside the second, working nucleus is the "macronuclear" genome, which expresses genes that govern behavior. The current study sequenced the macronuclear genome, an impressively packaged bunch of coding genes, free of so-called junk DNA (noncoding sequences and other extraneous gen...

Carnegie Mellon researchers discover new cell properties

... have an excessively stiff shell of proteins. The nucleus in all three trillion cells of the human body cont...ly better. The stiffer lamina did protect the HGPS nucleus from some forces, but under excessive force the HGPS lamina was more brittle and eventually fracture...

First direct mechanical communication of mitochondria, cardiomyocyte nucleus shown

... mechanical communication between mitochondria and nucleus in cardiac cells," was chosen to be part of the "Physiological Genomics of Skeletal Muscle Adaptation in Health and Disease" Featured Topic session 199, sponsored by the APS Muscle Biology Group. Sunday April 2 at 10:30 a.m. in the Convention Center,...

'Shuttling' protein possibly key to resilience of cancer cells

... protein previously believed to be confined to the nucleus of healthy cells actually shuttles between the nucleus and cytoplasm, the region of the cell surrounding the nucleus. Moreover, the protein's shuttling is ...

For the first time: Longevity modulated without disrupting life-sustaining function

... DAF-2 is active, it is unable to enter the cell's nucleus to activate its target genes. When environmental conditions turn harsh as a result of overcrowding and scarce nutrients, for example, DAF-2 signaling shuts down. No longer marooned outside the nucleus, DAF-16 crosses into the nucleus, and triggers a...

Worm hormone discovery may aid fight against parasitic disease

...e newfound ligand binds to a protein in the cell's nucleus called a nuclear receptor, a receptor designated DAF-12. Once that binding occurs, DAF-12 activates other genes that allow the worm to develop through its normal stages, reach maturity and reproduce. When the researchers blocked that hormonal signa...

Mice lacking social memory molecule take bullying in stride

... expression in the target area of the circuit, the nucleus accumbens, located deep in the front part of the brain ?309 genes increased in expression while 17 decreased. This pattern persisted even 4 weeks later, with 127 genes still increased and 9 decreased, paralleling the changes seen in social behavior. ...

Removing DNA repair gene causes metabolic syndrome

... has been shown to be localized in both the cell's nucleus and its power plant, the mitochondria, pointing to...mage to the genetic material, whether it is in the nucleus or whether it's in the mitochondria, is what's leading to a destabilization of a normal metabolic pr...

Researchers now able to look deep into heart to view triggers of a heart's beat

...l hundred accessory nuclei that look much like the nucleus except that they don't contain chromosomes. Late in the development of the egg cell, the accessory nuclei disintegrate and centrosomes appear in the same locations in the cell. "Right before the egg is laid, the membranes of the accessory nuclei bre...

Insects that produce males from unfertilized eggs reveal a surprising cellular feat

...l hundred accessory nuclei that look much like the nucleus except that they don't contain chromosomes. Late in the development of the egg cell, the accessory nuclei disintegrate and centrosomes appear in the same locations in the cell. "Right before the egg is laid, the membranes of the accessory nuclei bre...

New brain hormone puts brakes on reproduction

...wer: Estradiol stimulates cells in the dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus to produce GnIH, which appears... GnIH are in an area of the brain, the dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus, that coordinates and integrates information from external stimuli, the senses a...

Researchers unravel DNA tangles and enzyme seamstresses

...puter simulations to mimic the DNA mess inside the nucleus with a series of billions of linked and unlinked loops. Their calculations indicated that whether DNA molecules are interlinked is shown by the way they touch each other. Interlinked DNA loops tend to touch in an easily recognizable hook-like way, fi...

Movement of chromosome in nucleus visualized

...had no way to track chromosome movement inside the nucleus or to determine whether the location of the chromo...UIUC researchers show that chromosomes in the cell nucleus are capable of directed, long-range movement that depends on actin and myosin, the major molecular m...

Tool developed to silence genes in specific tissues using RNAi

...trand. The organism's own RNA, however, leaves the nucleus of cells (where it was produced by DNA) as a single strand, to be decoded by ribosomes into the proteins that perform all the work of the cell. RNAi, therefore, recognizes the double strand of viral RNA as different, and sets in motion cell machinery...

Cloned stem cells prove identical to fertilized stem cells

...apy." To create a clone, a scientist removes the nucleus from a donor cell, then places it into an egg from which the nucleus has been removed. The researcher then tricks the egg into thinking it's been fertilized. The egg dev...

Researchers solve mystery of how nuclear pores duplicate before cell division

...rol the flow of information in and out of a cell's nucleus ?double in number to prepare for the split to come... the genome (genetic blueprint) encased inside the nucleus can continue communicating with the rest of the cell. "This issue is as important to understanding t...

Waking a sleeping virus

...ing an infection, EBV inserts its own DNA into the nucleus of human cells. This information contains the codes for about 100 genes," says Christoph Müller, head of an EMBL research lab in Grenoble. "Less than 10 genes are sufficient for the virus during its latent state, whereas all others are necessary to p...

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