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Tag: "nucleus" at biology news

Researchers use multiphoton microscopy to watch chromosomes in action

...mechanisms: specifically, what happens in a cell's nucleus when an external stimulus (heat) prompts specific genes to activate, and how those activated genes direct the production of proteins, which protect the fly against the stress of heating. "Whenever a cell is stressed -- bingo, it will produce protein...

Protein shown to rally biological clock

...ological clock, an area called the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), located at the base of the brain right across the optic nerve, keep 24-hour time and are normally highly synchronized. The SCN is composed of 10,000 neurons on one side of the hypothalamus, and 10,000 on the other. Together these neurons ar...

High dopamine transporter levels not correlated with ADHD

...dopamine transporters than control subjects in the nucleus accumbens, an area of the ventral striatum that is one of the main reward centers in the brain. In a dorsal striatum region known as the putamen, which plays an important role in habits and is also involved with attention, dopamine transporter levels...

Targeted virus compels cancer cells to eat themselves

...tale signs of autophagy: bits of virus in the cell nucleus and autophagic vacuoles -- cavities with residual ...lled by apoptosis show specific damage to the cell nucleus and DNA, with other cellular organelles preserved, Kondo explains. Cells killed by autophagy have l...

High-tech research shows cocaine changes proteins and brain function

...e investigators analyzed protein expression in the nucleus accumbens, a part of the brain involved in the addictive effects of drugs, in 10 cocaine-overdose victims and 10 drug-free individuals. Analysis of thousands of proteins revealed differences between the two groups in the amounts of approximately 5...

Free radical cell death switch identified

...ns to move from the periphery of the cell into the nucleus of neurons. Once in the nucleus, the FOXO proteins were found to turn on genes that commit neurons to programmed death. The discovery of the MST-FOXO biochemical switch mechanism fills a gap in our understanding of how oxidative stress elicits bio...

Ozone recovering, but unlikely to stabilize at pre-1980 levels, says study

... study clarifies what's going on downstream in the nucleus when brassinolide signals a plant cell to grow." ...s, and allowed it to migrate or "shuttle" into the nucleus where it tweaked the activity of genes regulating plant growth. A closer inspection, however, reve...

Salk scientists untangle steroid hormone signaling in plants

... study clarifies what's going on downstream in the nucleus when brassinolide signals a plant cell to grow." ...s, and allowed it to migrate or "shuttle" into the nucleus where it tweaked the activity of genes regulating plant growth. A closer inspection, however, reve...

No-mow grass may be coming to your yard soon

...eroid hormones use to exert their influence in the nucleus of a cell, where gene expression is regulated, is ...r. Perception then regulates genetic events in the nucleus in a more roundabout way, similar to a well-studied pathway in animals known as the Wnt signaling pa...

Researchers find protein that silences genes

...opsis, they have shown that HDA6 is located in the nucleus of Arabidopsis cells, and they have imaged it, characterized it biochemically and defined its role in two cellular activities that help bring about gene silencing. According to Pikaard, genes can be turned off when acetyl groups ?little tw...

Scientists discover new regulating mechanism in cells

...formation. Then, the message travels from the cell nucleus to another location, the cell cytoplasm. Last, other cell machinery translates the message and assembles the protein. The findings by Boris-Lawrie and her collaborators show that RHA can play an important role in determining whether the last step o...

Interfering RNA silences genes in 'slippery' immune cells

...cal agent that inserts itself into a target cell's nucleus more efficiently than an unaccompanied cassette. The researchers first tested their approach by introducing a gene for green fluorescent protein into human T cells, and using siRNA to inhibit that gene's expression, and dim its fluorescent glow. ...

Biological motors sort molecules one by one on a chip

...ns that extend in a star-shaped formation from the nucleus of the cell to the walls of the cell. Molecular bio-motors, such as the enzyme kinesin, can walk in small steps (of 8 nanometers) with a load of material along these microtubule-networks and thus provide transport within the cell. Fascinated by th...

University of Minnesota researchers take new look at cellular suicide

...d" of DNA molecules. Rather than float in the cell nucleus like an overlong piece of spaghetti, the DNA molecule loops around regularly spaced histones, which not only support the DNA but play various roles in managing its functions. "In the past, people thought histones were just for packaging DNA," said D...

Loosen up, DNA: Leukemia gene changes genetic packaging

...ery tightly around proteins called histones in the nucleus of nearly every cell in our bodies. The whole structure, called chromatin, looks much like a narrow thread wound tightly around a stack of tuna cans. While there are genes aplenty in every cell, not all our DNA is equally accessible to the cellular m...

Researcher gives hard thoughts on soft inheritance

...of gene expression. The location of DNA within the nucleus also influences gene expression. "Epigenetics as soft inheritance in mammals puts us on a slippery slope that many people don't want to visit," Richards says. Nutritional epigenomics Still, recent studies in mice and rats have ...

Surprise finding for stretched DNA

...ore than three feet, but, when wound up inside the nucleus of a cell, that same molecule measures about one millionth of an inch across. Biologists have long believed that as a molecule of DNA is stretched, its double helix starts to unwind. As much sense as this makes from an intuitive standpoint, a recent...

Promising cell protein may play role in infection and dry eye

...I-2 and the tumor suppressing gene Rb2/p130 in the nucleus of the epithelial cells in the cornea and conjunctiva. According to the researchers, this interaction with Rb2/p130 and chromatin modeling enzymes may affect how PAI-2 is expressed. "There is a different expression of the protein between the epith...

Gene first linked to rare disease may trigger skin cancer, other tumors

...nt for CYLD, much too much Bcl-3 makes it into the nucleus where it activates genes leading to the growth of tumors." In normal skin cells, chemical treatment or UV light prompts the transport of CYLD out into the cytoplasm, they reported. Once there, the protein binds and modifies the cancer promoter Bcl-3...

Ammonia-loving archaea win landslide majority

...whose genetic material, or DNA, is not stored in a nucleus (as it is in animals and plants). Crenarchaeota, which belong to the archaea, are found in various habitats, including soil. "We think crenarchaeota in soil gain their energy from oxidizing ammonia," said Schuster. "But we don't know yet if they ...

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