nucleus 2 2

Tag: "nucleus" at biology news

Microfluidic chip helps solve cellular mating puzzle

..., the nucleus. The messengers that carry it to the nucleus are MAPKs, which direct the cell’s response by triggering multiple genes. But biologists have been baffled for years as to why two different forms of MAPKs perk up when the mating call arrives. Only one of them, called Fus3, appeared to be in charge ...

Motor protein plays key role in connecting neurons

... DCC receptor which needs to move from the central nucleus where it's synthesized to the cell's periphery, Dr. Xiong and her colleagues report in the February issue of Nature Cell Biology and available online Jan. 21. At the periphery, DCC interacts with netrin-1, a guidance cue for helping the arm-like e...

Scientists unravel clue in cortisol production

...o the adrenal glands. Proteins then flood into the nucleus to bind to the DNA, creating the gene CYP 17. What...ol, the actual molecular events that happen in the nucleus are dynamic," said Sewer. "It's an extremely complex series of events that starts within minutes of ...

A first glimpse of the influenza replication machine

...d signal that labels it for transport to the human nucleus where the genetic material of the virus is replicated. Cell microscopy studies at EMBL Heidelberg revealed that the human nuclear transport protein, importin alpha, recognises this signal and shuttles the polymerase into the nucleus. To find out how ...

Novel laboratory technique nudges genes into activity

...s are segments of DNA housed in chromosomes in the nucleus of every cell and they carry instructions for making proteins. Faulty or mutated genes lead to malfunctioning, missing or over-abundant proteins, and any of those conditions can result in disease. Surrounding the chromosome is a cloud of proteins ...

Cloned mice created from fully differentiated cells, a milestone in cloning research

...or cloning, involves creating an embryo by using a nucleus that's been removed from a somatic cell ?any cell other than a reproductive cell ?and transferring it into an unfertilized egg that has had its chromosomes removed. Because the resulting new embryo contains the entire genome of the donor somatic cell...

Molecular atlas provides new tool for understanding estrogen-fueled breast cancer

...n receptor (ER) is an intricate protein net in the nucleus of breast cancer cells. When the receptor snares an estrogen molecule, it sets in motion a cascade of activity among genes involved in cell growth and division. In many breast tumors, cells have an unusually large number of ERs, so they proliferate r...

Stem cells engage in dialogue with the cells that regulate their futures

...ns are freed inside the cell to travel to the cell nucleus and turn on various genes. According to Ruohula-Baker, the Notch pathway plays an important role in many stem-cell niches, including those in the blood system, gut, breasts, and muscles. However, in many cases it hasn't been clear which cells send...

New research identifies gene important for nicotine's effects on the brain

... a molecule called CREB in a brain area called the nucleus accumbens. CREB is able to change the properties ...lly altered virus that blocks CREB activity in the nucleus accumbens blocks nicotine reward. "We and other researchers have begun to make very strong links be...

Nanoscale microscope sheds first light on gene repair

...hysical structures in various processes within the nucleus can now be visualized. "The general applicatio... been known how H2AX is distributed throughout the nucleus or why its conversion to gamma-H2AX is limited to within a short distance of a break site. By using ...

Regulating the nuclear architecture of the cell

... called the nucleolus resides deep within the cell nucleus and performs one of the cell's most critical funct...ncer. The organization of structures in the cell's nucleus has profound effects on such essential functions as how and when genes are expressed. When regulatio...

Molecular 'signature' protects cells from viruses

...DNA-like substance, the RNA. Via pores in the cell nucleus it reaches the cell plasma. The individual parts o...r: they show that the instructions from the cell's nucleus carry a kind of 'signature', which is missing in the virus commands. RNA is like a long string. In v...

Researchers discover mechanism that determines when detailed memories are retained

...tion of a section of the rats' brains known as the nucleus basalis, which relays commands to the auditory cor...e. During some experiments, the stimulation of the nucleus basalis was weak, whereas in other animals the stimulation was stronger. When the tones were replaye...

'Tribbles' protein implicated in common and aggressive form of leukemia

...tch of sorts, activating gene transcription in the nucleus of many types of cells, and depending on the biochemical context, turns certain pathways on and others off. Pear and colleagues knew from fruit fly studies that the Tribbles protein was linked to cell growth and cell-fate determination and is clo...

Researchers create genetically matched embryonic stem cells for transplantation

...inefficient process that involves transferring the nucleus of a donor cell into an egg from which the nucleus has been removed. "We will not stop testing nuclear transfer, because it is the only means we kno...

Pleasure and pain: Study shows brain's 'pleasure chemical' is involved in response to pain too

...ore dopamine was released in the area known as the nucleus accumbens ?the same region implicated in drug addi...reas of the basal ganglia ?the putamen and caudate nucleus ?was strongly correlated with the rating of how intense and unpleasant the pain itself was on a scal...

Proteins anchor memories in our brain

...from previous work involving a protein in the cell nucleus called Aire (for autoimmune regulator), which regulates the expression of some 300 to 1,000 antigens in the thymus. Humans and mice lacking the normal Aire gene suffer from multiple autoimmune diseases including diseases that target the thyroid, adre...

Autoimmune disease triggered if T cells miss a single protein early on

...from previous work involving a protein in the cell nucleus called Aire (for autoimmune regulator), which regulates the expression of some 300 to 1,000 antigens in the thymus. Humans and mice lacking the normal Aire gene suffer from multiple autoimmune diseases including diseases that target the thyroid, adre...

History-hunting geneticists can still follow familiar trail

...energy-producing mitochondria that lie outside the nucleus of our cells, mtDNA is unlike the DNA inside the nucleus of a cell that contains genes from both of our parents -- in people and animals mtDNA is exclusively...

Insulin receptor stops progression of Alzheimer's disease

...sulin to thrive. PPAR molecules go directly to the nucleus of cells and tell DNA to turn on or off genes that are normally regulated by insulin, thus preventing them from dying and allowing them to communicate with each other. The major effects of the PPAR treatments were to increase brain size, preserve ins...

1 2 3 4 5 6 7