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Tag: "nuclear" at biology news

Procedure predicts embryos most likely to result in pregnancy

... not. "We found that proton NMR, a non-invasive nuclear magnetic resonance form of spectroscopy, will determine the metabolic profile of the embryo and accurately predict its reproductive potential," said Seli, who plans to confirm the findings in a larger trial. ...

Hofmeyr skull supports the 'Out of Africa' theory

...orld. However, other genetic studies (generally on nuclear DNA) argue against this African origin and exodus model. Instead, they suggest that archaic non-African groups, such as the Neandertals, made significant contributions to the genomes of modern humans in Eurasia. Until now, the lack of human fossils o...

New biofuels process promises to meet all US transportation needs

...om a "carbon-free" energy source, such as solar or nuclear power, during a step called gasification. Adding h...carbon-free energy sources, such as solar, wind or nuclear power. And, unlike conventional methods of producing liquid fuels from plant matter and coal, H2CAR ...

Scientists clone mice from adult skin stem cells

...can be used to clone mice using a procedure called nuclear transfer. The findings are reported in the Feb. 12...ntists have focused so much attention toward using nuclear transfer, which would allow us to use adult stem cells from the same patient rather than those harve...

Misclassified for centuries, medicinal leeches found to be 3 distinct species

...dall and his colleagues examined mitochondrial and nuclear DNA of wild leeches from across their range in Europe, as well as from samples supplied by commercial providers and university laboratories that use leeches as model organisms. Their analysis clearly showed that the commercial and laboratory speci...

Using nanomagnets to enhance medical imaging

...s are of two types. Magnetic ions, which alter the nuclear properties of hydrogen in water, offer the advantage of consistent identical design but provide low contrast. The second category encompasses particles of thousands of atoms or crystals, which alter local magnetic fields; they provide contrast variat...

Heart failure: Intervention possibilities from imaging programmed cell loss

Using a nuclear medicine technique and molecular imaging to "see" ...binds to dying cells, said Hofstra. They then used nuclear imaging that produces three-dimensional computer-reconstructed images to reveal information about bo...

Proteasome activator enhances survival of Huntington's disease neuronal model cells

...ssues, UPS activity is inhibited and intraneuronal nuclear protein aggregates of mutant huntingtin in HD brains indicate dysfunction of the UPS. From these results, we hypothesized that enhancing UPS function would improve catalytic degradation of abnormal proteins in HD. We first genetically engineered prot...

Discovery of 'master switch' for the communication process between chloroplast and nuclei of plants

...search associate in Dr. Chory’s lab. Many of the nuclear genes that encode chloroplast proteins are regulated by a "master switch" in response to environmental conditions. This "master switch," like a binary computer, can activate or de-activate certain sets of genes based on stress signaling processes. ...

Effect on breast tumors of DNA alternations in 3 genes described

... cancer, such as tumor size, histological grade or nuclear grade. "Our data suggested that promoter hypermethylation is common in breast cancer," Tao added. "Because promoter hypermethylation is potentially reversible, identifying cancers with different hypermethylation may have important consequences fo...

DNA-damage test could aid drug development

...detected "micronucleus" consisting of fragments of nuclear DNA. Unlike the current procedure, which injects the compound into a live mouse, the new assay is a cell-culture system that could allow hundreds or thousands of tests to be performed from the bone marrow of a single mouse, and potentially from human...

'Virtual Patient' to simulate real-time organ motions for radiation therapy

...g and liver cancers. X. George Xu, professor of nuclear and biomedical engineering, and Suvranu De, associate professor of mechanical engineering, have formed a multidisciplinary collaboration with clinical colleagues at the Cancer Therapy & Research Center in San Antonio, Texas, to develop the 4-D Vi...

Plastic that grows on trees

...at allows the catalytic conversion was verified by nuclear magnetic resonance performed at the William R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, a DOE national scientific user facility located at PNNL. During the swap, the molecule opens, Zhang said. “The key is to take advantage of the open f...

Bacteria ferry nanoparticles into cells for early diagnosis, treatment

...transport the therapeutic DNA molecule through the nuclear membrane and into the nucleus," he said. "Only when it is in the nucleus can the DNA produce proteins that perform specific functions and correct genetic disease conditions." When the cargo-carrying bacteria attach to the recipient cell they are e...

Caribbean frogs started with a single, ancient voyage on a raft from South America

...n frogs and used three mitochondrial genes and two nuclear genes in their study, building trees of relationships among the species and timing the divergences of the species with molecular-clock methods. "Molecular clocks work by counting the number of DNA-sequence mutations separating two species and then d...

Pesticides choke pathway for nature to produce nitrogen for crops

...fessor of biology who focuses on phylogenomics and nuclear receptor genes. Fox and colleagues began detailing their findings in the journal Nature (2001) and Environmental Health Perspectives (2004), testing more than 50 chemicals, including pentachlorophenol (PCP), in in-vitro assays. The paper in PNAS r...

Hormone helps mice 'hibernate,' survive starvation

...uring starvation and fasting. They focused on a nuclear receptor – a protein that turns genes on and off in the body – called peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha, or PPAR-alpha, which is known to control the use of fat as energy. Starving mice without PPAR-alpha become hypoglycemic and quickl...

Blood test may help signal tumor's remission, return in throat cancer patients

... same “master switch”—a regulator protein known as nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB)—the researchers suggest that this protein may represent a new target for drug therapy. Drugs that help turn off NF-kappaB are currently being tested in clinical trials at NIH and elsewhere. The researchers note that a fe...

Enzyme delivered in smaller package protects cells from radiation damage

...tion of those who may be the first responders to a nuclear accident or a terrorist attack, such as a "dirty bomb," he explained. ...

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