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Tag: "nitrogen" at biology news

New flood-tolerant rice offers relief for world's poorest farmers

...he plantsare submerged, water temperature, rate of nitrogen fertilizer use andother environmental factors. Annual crop loss has been estimated atmore than $1 billion. "For half a century, researchers have been trying to introducesubmergence tolerance into the commonly grown rice varieties throughconventiona...

UCI scientists find chlorine may contribute to ozone formation

...Chlorine atoms react rapidly with hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides from automobile and power plant emissions, ...ion of hydroxyl radical (OH) with hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides. OH is a highly reactive molecule made of oxygen and hydrogen that forms photochemically in a...

Parallel evolution: Proteins do it, too

...eic acid (RNA), a particularly important source of nitrogen in leaf eaters. Zhang focused his attention on RNASE1, a pancreatic enzyme that breaks down bacterial RNA. Most primates have one gene encoding the enzyme, but he found that the douc langur, a colobine from Asia, has two---one encodes RNASE1, and it...

New method confirms importance of fungi in Arctic nitrogen cycle

A new method to calculate the transfer of nitrogen from Arctic mushrooms to plants is shedding light ...l be an important tool for future studies of plant nitrogen supply. It has long been known when soil nitrogen is in short supply, mycorrhizal fungi (those livi...

Save the whales? Sure, but how many?

...s, such as Pacific salmon providing marine-derived nitrogen to watersheds, or predators reducing pest species, or birds dispersing seeds. 'Sustainable human use' represents the next tier, where there are enough animals that they can be used by humans, consumptively (as in hunting or fishing) or non-consumpt...

New evidence of early horse domestication

...trogen, compared to undisturbed soils. But because nitrogen is mobile in soils, it can be lost to groundwater ...al at Krasnyi Yar. The corral soils also had low nitrogen concentrations, says Capo, reducing the likelihood that the phosphorus came from more recent manure....

High hourly air pollution levels more than double stroke risk

...eas in Japan. Levels of air pollutants, including nitrogen dioxide, particulate matter, and photochemical oxidants, were monitored hourly at various sites in each of the 13 areas. When the two sets of data were put together, a pattern emerged for intracerebral haemorrhage - where a blood vessel bursts insid...

New biochip helps study living cells, may speed drug development

...-use efficiency -- thus making the plant need less nitrogen fertilizer -- you could transform a group of maize cells with these genes and then screen each cell to determine the most efficient. Then you could raise the one that needed the least fertilizer, rather than putting a lot of different genes into hund...

Genomic comparison of lactic acid bacteria published

...verse repertoire of genes for efficient carbon and nitrogen acquisition from the nutritionally rich environments they inhabit and reflect a limited range of biosynthetic capabilities promising broad industrial applications. Lactic acid-producing bacteria play a key role in the production of fermented foods ...

Microbe fixes nitrogen at a blistering 92 C

A heat-loving archaeon capable of fixing nitrogen at a surprisingly hot 92 degrees Celsius, or 198 F... Earth’s earliest lineages of organisms capable of nitrogen fixation, perhaps even preceding the kinds of bacteria today's plants and animals rely on to fix nit...

Soil nutrition affects carbon sequestration in forests

...ut forest management -- including fertilizing with nitrogen -- can greatly increase growth rate and wood growt... experiment, half of each ring was fertilized with nitrogen to study the effect of added soil nutrients on tree growth under elevated CO2. The researchers fu...

From hot springs to rice farms, scientists reveal new insights into the secret lives of archaea

... global supply of nitrogen. All living things need nitrogen to make proteins, DNA and other biomolecules. Nearly 80 percent of the atmosphere consists of nitrogen gas, which, unlike oxygen, cannot be absorbed by most organisms. Getting usable nitrogen turns out t...

Fast-freeze snapshot yields new picture of nerve-muscle junction

...s apart, the high-pressure technique, using liquid nitrogen to flash-freeze at minus-180 degrees Celsius, makes ice appear like liquid glass and devoid of destructive crystals. Cross-sections taken of synapses reveal that membrane packets, or vesicles, of neurotransmitter localize in places scientists have n...

Nature's process for nitrogen fixation caught in action

...ient temperature and pressure. The process, called nitrogen fixation, is essential to life as it provides nutr...enables some microorganisms to convert atmospheric nitrogen to nutrients. The research is reported in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Science (PNA...

Edible coatings will be the packaging of the future

...most used by the food industry are vacuum packing, nitrogen sweeping and aluminium foil. The Pamplona research chemist holds that WPI films are the packaging of the future, although the commercial exploitation of the application is yet to materialize. There are many possibilities ?on the one hand, they will p...

Global changes alter the timing of plant growth, scientists say

...0 percent increase in precipitation; and increased nitrogen deposition--as a likely byproduct of fossil-fuel b...rbon dioxide, warming, increased precipitation and nitrogen deposition--to intact grassland plots both singly and in all possible combinations. The experiment i...

Researchers to study why dead zone returned to Lake Erie

...ssels; and global warming. Of the three causes, nitrogen from farm runoff and treatment plants is the most well known. The nitrogen in fertilizer causes algae blooms that sink to the bottom and are consumed by bacteria, which consum...

Too much of a good thing? Excess nutrients or water limit biodiversity

...reasing the amounts of limiting resources, such as nitrogen and water, makes an ecosystem more homogeneous and...rasslands, lakes and rivers that are polluted with nitrogen and phosphorous (usually from agriculture) have fewer species. The reduction of species where the Mi...

Deep in the ocean, a clam that acts like a plant

...tion," Eisen said. The symbiotic bacteria also fix nitrogen and produce amino acids, vitamins and other nutrients required by the clam. Studies of the deep sea have implications for studying the origins of life, Eisen said. Life on Earth may have got its start with microbes living on such chemical reaction...

Bats prey on nocturnally migrating songbirds

...chains. The researchers concentrated on carbon and nitrogen isotopes, which are among the best dietary tracers. They analysed their concentrations in bats' blood throughout the year, predicting major seasonal shifts in isotopic signatures towards bird prey in spring and, especially, during autumn. In parallel...

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