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Tag: "newborn" at biology news

Stem cell transplants improve recovery in animal models for stroke, cerebral palsy

... continued to show improvement over time." In the newborn model of ischemic injury, enhanced recovery was found within two weeks. Even though less than 1 percent of the transplanted cells were present two months later, animals receiving treatment developed new neurons, apparently formed from endogenous ste...

UF scientists test improved gene therapy method for hereditary heart conditions

... to insert genes into skeletal and heart muscle in newborn and in adult mice. Tests revealed that AAV-9 was taken up throughout the heart muscle at 200 times the levels achieved with AAV-1. In contrast, AAV-8 was taken up by heart muscle at 20 times the levels achieved with AAV-1, though it was less precis...

Life and death in the hippocampus: what young neurons need to survive

Whether newborn nerve cells in adult brains live or die depends on...al it is stimulated and relays the signal. But for newborn neurons that signal means something else entirely -- survival. "When we removed the NMDA receptor,...

New roles for growth factors: Enticing nerve cells to muscles

...and nerve cells are established embryonically when newborn neurons extend axons to "wire" the appropriate muscle fiber. The wiring process is highly orchestrated –each motor neuron has already pledged allegiance to a particular muscle fiber before it reaches out to connect with its predetermined partner. Bu...

Salk and Stanford teams join forces to reveal two paths of neurodegeneration

...hamper the wiring process in developing brains. In newborn Wlds mice, axons extending from nerve cells (calle...d be age-related, McLaughlin cut the same axons in newborn Wlds mice and found that degeneration was slowed. "When I saw RGC axons in the superior colliculus t...

Tyrannosaur survivorship -- tough times for teens

...similar to that seen in living large mammals. High newborn mortality rates due to predation alone subside once a threshold size is reached and it appears that such a threshold was reached by age two in Albertosaurus sarcophagus, say the research team. The mortality rates remained low until about the 13th yea...

US infant mortality rate fails to improve

...nce 2000. Premature birth is the leading cause of newborn death in the first month of life and preventing premature birth remains at the forefront of the March of Dimes agenda," said Nancy Green, M.D., medical director of the March of Dimes. "We must be more focused upon reversing the stagnancy in the rate ...

Newborn screening can cause unnecessary parental stress

... and a comparison group of 67 families with normal newborn screening results. Although mothers in the fals... of parents felt a need for more information about newborn screening and the test result. The researchers suggest that improved and better-timed education ...

Hair samples show babies can be exposed to 'crystal meth' while in the womb

...he developing fetus, say the authors. Only one newborn had no evidence of the drug in its hair. Fetal hair starts to grow at about 20 weeks. The authors say that the precise effects of crystal meth on a fetus are not fully known, but the evidence to date points to restricted fetal growth and developm...

Neural stem cells lend the brain a surprising capacity for self-repair

... that contains neural stem cells after birth. In newborn mice, loss of the genes left the SVZ "greatly disturbed," Jan said. Their results indicated that Numb and Numblike have two important functions, namely a role in the survival of neuroblasts and an unexpected role in maintaining the cellular wall th...

Pheromone from mother's milk may rapidly promote learning in newborn mammals

By studying the ability of newborn rabbit pups to learn the significance of new odors...ean rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) have shown that newborn pups engage in typical food-searching movements in response to olfactory signals that include the ma...

A potential biological cause for sudden infant death syndrome

...ading cause of death in American infants after the newborn period, affecting 0.67 in 1,000 live-born babies. Although epidemiologic studies have identified risk factors for SIDS, such as putting babies to sleep on their stomachs, and protective factors like pacifier use, there has been little understanding o...

Vitamin D deficiency widespread during pregnancy

...egnancy and again just before delivery, Samples of newborn umbilical cord blood also were tested for 25 hydroxyvitamin D, an indicator of vitamin D status. Finding such a proliferation of vitamin D insufficiency in spite of prenatal multivitamin use is troubling, she noted, suggesting that higher dosages, di...

Experimental vaccine given during pregnancy reduces stillbirths from common virus

... also cause mental retardation and hearing loss in newborn children who were infected in early fetal life. Estimates place the number of U.S. children born with CMV each year at about 40,000, and there is no vaccine or treatment for pregnant women who have the infection. In a 2000 report, the Institute of ...

Why aren't humans furry? Stone-Age moms could be the answer

...ribes Stone Age societies in which the mother of a newborn had to decide whether she had the resources to nurture her baby. The newborn's appearance probably influenced whether the mother kept or abandoned it. An attractive baby was more likely to be kept and reared. Harris' theory is that this kind of pa...

Newborn brains grow vision and movement regions first

... In terms of brain volume, the researchers found newborn male brains were 7.8 percent larger than females. In addition, males had 10.2 percent more gray matter and 6.4 percent more white matter than females. No significant difference in brain asymmetry was observed between males and females; the left side ...

Stem cells act through multiple mechanisms to benefit mice with neurodegenerative disease

...nted -- at simply one time point -- into brains of newborn Sandhoff mice, the onset of symptoms was delayed, well-being and motor function was preserved, and lifespan was extended by >70%. The researchers discovered that their implanted neural stem cells, which migrated and integrated extensively ...

100 percent of pregnant women have at least one kind of pesticide in their placenta

...the association of the characteristics of parents, newborn babies and childbirth with exposure to pesticides found in the mothers?placenta. Among the aspects associated with a higher presence of pesticides we find an older age, higher body mass index, less weight gained during pregnancy, lower educational le...

Newborn neurons like to hang with the 'in' crowd

...ike any new kid on the block that tries to fit in, newborn brain cells need to find their place within the ex...new neurons could be a very problematic process if newborn cells would make connections all over the place," explains Fred H. Gage, Ph.D., a professor in the G...

An 'elegant' idea proves its worth 25 years later

...s when they see a combative, lethargic or comatose newborn or child," she says. "The longer the hyperammonemia lasts, the higher the risk for brain damage." "This is a happy story," says Brusilow. "It isn’t too often in genetic medicine that we can intuitively develop a treatment with already available ch...

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