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Tag: "neurons" at biology news

Himalayan forests disappearing

...earchers. "The question arises: how are individual neurons within the PFC involved in the planning of multist...viors? More specifically, does the activity of PFC neurons during the process of planning reflect the multiple movements required during future actions or the ...

The brain's executive is an 'event planner'

...earchers. "The question arises: how are individual neurons within the PFC involved in the planning of multist...viors? More specifically, does the activity of PFC neurons during the process of planning reflect the multiple movements required during future actions or the ...

Flick of whiskers helps tease out brain's 'shadow' signaling system

...an up after them. While scientists have known that neurons fire electrically in spectacular fashion to send s...at astrocytes send signals to the neurons, and the neurons respond. Since then she has made a series of findings that neurons and astrocytes talk back and fort...

Researchers show how brain decodes complex smells

...d mice to different odors and measured response of neurons across the olfactory bulb with intrinsic signal imaging. The imaging technique maps brain activity by detecting changes in reflected light from the brain with a sensitive camera. To start, the researchers separated and identified the volatile compou...

Discovery of agile molecular motors could aid in treating motor neuron diseases

...ng, walking, breathing, and swallowing. When these neurons die, the muscle itself atrophies. A well-known motor neuron disease is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS, commonly known as Lou Gehrig's disease). Using a specially-constructed microscope that allows researchers to observe the action of one macro...

'Sticky' mice lead to discovery of new cause of neurodegenerative disease

...t persistent accumulation of misfolded proteins in neurons that eventually triggers cell death. But this new mechanism points to errors in executing the genetic instructions, which are distinct from known causes of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Huntington's diseases. HHMI investigato...

Life and death in the hippocampus: what young neurons need to survive

...neurotransmitter glutamate, a chemical released by neurons in order to transmit information to neighboring ce... stimulated and relays the signal. But for newborn neurons that signal means something else entirely -- survival. "When we removed the NMDA receptor, that is...

Researchers identify human DNA on the fast track

...lays a critical role in creating the six layers of neurons in the human cortex. Salama then determined that HAR1 actually lies in the region of overlap of two RNA genes that are transcribed in opposite directions along the DNA. Both genes appear to make RNAs that are not translated into proteins. The UC Sa...

FSU biologists uncover mechanisms that shape cells for better or worse

... broad implications in humans, where, for example, neurons in the brain are designed, or polarized, to interpret information from the sense organs, and intestinal cells are polarized to take up nutrients and move them into the bloodstream," he said. Poulton explained that in order to ensure cell polarity i...

Septum keeps neurons in synch, can reduce epileptic seizures by 90 percent

...s that the septum keeps the electrical activity of neurons within certain areas of the brain working within normal ranges," Colom said. "By keeping the neurons firing normally, the septum inhibits neuronal hyperexcitability, such as epilepsy, and hypoexcitabli...

Autistic brain has fewer neurons for processing emotion

...search has shown that the autistic brain has fewer neurons in an area related to emotion and social behavior,...versity of California, Davis, counted and measured neurons in the amygdala of nine postmortem autistic male brains and 10 age-matched male postmortem non-autis...

Survivors of childhood polio do well decades later as they age

...rd; bulbar polio, in which the virus attacks motor neurons in the brainstem; and bulbospinal polio, a combina...lio. The researchers measured strength and loss of neurons at the beginning of this period, and then again five and 15 years later with electrophysiological te...

Neurons grown from embryonic stem cells restore function in paralyzed rats

...d transplants of embryonic stem cell-derived motor neurons in the spinal cord to connect with muscles and par...ined the rats for signs that the stem cell-derived neurons had survived and integrated with the nervous system. The rats that had received the full cocktail of...

Long-term changes in experience cause neurons to sprout new long-lasting connections

...Medical Institute researchers have discovered that neurons in the brains of mice sprout robust new connection...to produce a green fluorescent protein in specific neurons in the neocortex, which is a region of the brain that is known to adapt to new experiences. The rese...

Adult stem cells are touchy-feely, need environmental clues

...ype of adult stem cell can turn into bone, muscle, neurons or other types of tissue depending on the "feel" o...ronment alone was telling the stem cells to become neurons or muscle or bone. " Mesenchymal stem cells sense their environment through the force it takes t...

Device effective in zapping the pain out of migraines

... person's head, creates an electric current in the neurons of the brain, interrupting the aura before it results in a throbbing headache. "The device's pulses are painless. The patients have felt a little pressure, but that's all," said Mohammad, who is principal investigator of the study at Ohio State . ...

Parkinson's disease mechanism discovered

...ies have also identified a new way to rescue dying neurons in several animal models of Parkinson's disease. ...ngs give important clues to why dopamine-producing neurons in the brain are the most vulnerable neurons to toxic alpha-synuclein accumulation. The death of suc...

Brain enzyme treatment relieves memory lapse in Alzheimer's mice

An enzyme that helps neurons rid themselves of excess or aberrant proteins is required for normal brain function, according to a new report in the August 25, 2006 issue of the journal Cell, published by Cell Press. What's more, by increasing brain levels of the enzyme in mice wi...

Nanowire arrays can detect signals along individual neurons

...olleagues report on this marriage of nanowires and neurons this week in the journal Science. "We describe t...nderstanding signal propagation through individual neurons and neuronal networks, but existing technologies are relatively crude: Micropipette electrodes poked...

Queensland scientists identify molecule that links both sides of the brain

...les in the guidance of nerve fibres and newly born neurons throughout the developing central nervous system. ...

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